Wind power is the use of wind turbines to mechanically power generators for electricity. Wind power, as an alternative to burning fossil fuels, is plentiful, renewable, distributed, clean, produces no greenhouse gas emissions during operation, no water consumes, and uses little land. The net effects on the environment are far less problematic than those of nonrenewable power sources. Wind farms consist of many individual wind turbines, which are connected to the electric power transmission network. Onshore wind is an inexpensive source of electric power, competitive with or in many places cheaper than coal or gas plants. Offshore wind is stronger and more effective. Small onshore wind farms can feed some energy into the grid or provide electric power to insulated off-grid locations. Wind power gives variable power, which is very variable. It is therefore used in conjunction with other electric power sources to give a reliable supply. As the proportion of wind power in a region increases, a need to upgrade the grid Power-management techniques such as having excess capacity, geographically distributed turbines, dispatchable backing sources, sufficient hydroelectric power, and importing power to neighboring areas, or reducing demand. In addition, weather forecasting permits the electric-power network to be predictable variations in production that occur. As of 2015, Denmark generates 40% of its electric power from wind, and at least 83 other countries around the world are using their electric power grids. In 2014, global wind power capacity expanded 16% to 369,553 MW. Yearly wind energy production is also growing rapidly and has reached around 4% of worldwide electric power usage, 11.4% in the US.

Continue reading “Wind power” →

Wildpoldsried is a municipality in the district of Oberallgäu in Bavaria in Germany. The village has been recognized for its exceptional achievements in renewable energy production and in its carbon footprint.

The earliest known to Wildpoldsried dates to 1392, when it was mentioned in documents relating to the Cloud Mountain Castle. Later, it was the seat of the Lower and Upper Courts of the Abbey Kempten, at Benedictine Monastery. Secularization took place in 1803, and the municipality was formalized in 1818, in accordance with the laws of the Kingdom of Bavaria.

Continue reading “Wildpoldsried” →

Waves4Power is a developer of buoy-based Offshore Wave Energy Converter (OWEC) systems. There are plans to install a demonstration plant at the Runde Environmental Center in Norway. There they will be testing the WaveEL, an offshore buoy. This will be connected via sub-sea cable to the shore based power grid.

Continue reading “Waves4Power” →

A waste heat recovery unit (WHRU) is an energy recovery heat exchanger that transfers heat from process outputs to high temperature to another part of the process for some purpose, usually increased efficiency. The WHRU is a tool involved in cogeneration. Such gases may be drawn from sources such as hot flue gases from a diesel generator, steam from cooling towers, or even waste water from cooling processes such as steel cooling.

Continue reading “Waste heat recovery unit” →

Village Homes is a planned community in Davis, Yolo County, California. It is designed to be ecologically sustainable by harnessing the energy and natural resources that exists in the landscape, especially stormwater and solar energy.

The principal designer of Village Homes was architect Mike Corbett, who began planning in the 1960s, with construction continuing from south to north from the 1970s through the 1980s. Village Homes was completed in 1982, and has attracted international attention from its inception as an early model of an environmentally friendly housing development, including a visit from then President François Mitterrand.

Continue reading “Village Homes” →

Variable renewable energy (VRE) is a renewable energy source that is non-dispatchable due to its fluctuating nature, like a source of power and a variable power source such as hydroelectricity, or biomass, or a relatively constant source such as geothermal power gold run-of-the-river hydroelectricity.

Continue reading “Variable renewable energy” →

The Town Mill is a Grade II listed 18th Century watermill located in the center of Guildford on the River Wey.

The earliest recorded on the site was made by Walter de la Poyle in 1295. This was a fulling mill as Guildford was an important location in the wool trade. This is probably known as Kings Mill. By the late 17th century milled with four pairs of stones, two for flour and two for animal feed. The whole assembly was driven by three external water wheels. The construction of the wey is a boon for the milling of grain to be delivered to the mill by barge and resulting sacks of flour to be taken, again by barge, to London. By 1768 the buildings had become rather dilapidated and the eastern range was broken down by a three-storey red brick building with dentil molding under the eaves of a tiled roof. The western range was simply repaired and comtinued in use. This section is known as the Hogsmeat Mill. At the same time the old undershot wheels are more efficient breast shot wheels. In 1852 the western section was replaced with an identical brick building styled to match the 1768 building. In 1827 it was reported that an extension to the Hogsmeat Mill was attached to the Guildford foundry, on the site now occupied by the Yvonne Arnaud Theater, but this building was demolished by 1852. From 1770, an additional water wheel was being used to pump water to the town on Pewsey Down. This was replaced by two water turbines in 1896, then a single turbine in 1930, in use until 1952 when it was passed by. In 2003, Guildford Borough Council arranged for the refurbishment and installation of a similar turbine as an example of renewable energy. This turbine drives a generator to supply up to 260,000 kWh of electricity into the National Grid, annually. The turbine turbine came on-line in 2006. The 1930 turbine has been preserved, and is on display at Dapdune Wharf. The Mill is now used by the adjacent Yvonne Arnaud Theater as a scenery workshop and studio theater.

Continue reading “Town Mill, Guildford” →

Tidal power or tidal energy is a form of hydropower that converts Although not yet widely used, tidal energy has potential for future electricity generation. Tides are more predictable than the wind and the sun. Among sources of renewable energy, it is therefore relatively easy to use, thus constricting its total availability. However, many recent developments, both in design (eg dynamic tidal power, tidal lagoons) and turbine technology (eg new axial turbines, cross flow turbines), indicate that the total availability of tidal power may be much higher than assumed , and that economic and environmental costs can be brought down to competitive levels. Historically, tide mills have been used both in Europe and on the Atlantic coast of North America. The water supply has been widely used, and it has been used, it has been used in the production of water. The earliest occurrences date from the Middle Ages, or even from Roman times. The process of using water and spinning turbines to create electricity was introduced in the US and Europe in the 19th century. The world’s first large-scale tidal power plant was the Rance Tidal Power Station in France, which became operational in 1966. It was the largest tidal power station in Sihwa Lake Tidal Power Station opened in South Korea in August 2011.

Continue reading “Tidal power” →

The Third Industrial Revolution; How Lateral Power is Transforming Energy, the Economy, and the World is a book by Jeremy Rifkin published in 2011. The premise of the book is that fundamental economic change occurs when new technologies converge with new energy regimes, mainly, renewable electricity. The sharing economy is also a crucial element of the Third Industrial Revolution.

Continue reading “The Third Industrial Revolution” →

Tethys is an online knowledge management system that provides marine renewable energy (MRE) and offshore wind (OSW) energy communities with access to information and scientific literature on the environmental effects of devices. Named after the Greek titaness of the sea, the goal of the Tethys database is to promote environmental stewardship and the advancement of the wind and marine renewable energy communities. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) in support of the US Department of Energy (DOE) [Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (Wind and Water Power Technologies Office)] . Tethys hosts information and activities associated with two international collaborations known as Annex IV and WREN,

Continue reading “Tethys (database)” →

Solar water heating (SWH) is the conversion of sunlight into heat for water heating using a solar thermal collector. A variety of configurations are available in different climates and latitudes. SWHs are widely used for residential and some industrial applications. A sun-facing collector heats a working fluid that passes into a storage system for later use. SWH are active (pumped) and passive (convection-driven). They use water only, or both water and a working fluid. They are heated directly or via light-concentrating mirrors. They operate independently or as hybrids with electric or gas heaters. In large-scale facilities, mirrors can concentrate sunlight onto a smaller collector. The global solar thermal market is dominated by China, Europe, Japan and India,

Continue reading “Solar water heating” →

Solar thermal energy (STE) is a form of energy and a technology for energy saving and energy generation for residential and commercial sectors.

Solar thermal collectors are classified by the United States Energy Information Administration as low-, medium-, or high-temperature collectors. Low-temperature collectors are unglazed and used to heat swimming pools or to heat ventilation air. Medium-temperature collectors are usually used for heating water or air for residential and commercial use. High-temperature collectors concentrate sunlight using mirrors or lenses and is used for up to 300 deg C / 20 bar pressure in industries, and for electric power production. Two categories include Concentrated Solar Thermal (CST) for heat and energy, and Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) when heat is used for power generation. CST and CSP are not applicable. The largest facilities are located in the American Mojave Desert of California and Nevada. These plants employ a variety of different technologies. The largest examples include Ivanpah Solar Power Facility (377 MW), Solar Energy Generating Systems (354 MW), and Crescent Dunes (110 MW). Spain is the other major developer of solar thermal power plant. The largest examples include Solnova Solar Power Station (150 MW), Andasol Solar Power Station (150 MW) and Extresol Solar Power Station (100 MW). Spain is the other major developer of solar thermal power plant. The largest examples include Solnova Solar Power Station (150 MW), Andasol Solar Power Station (150 MW) and Extresol Solar Power Station (100 MW). Spain is the other major developer of solar thermal power plant. The largest examples include Solnova Solar Power Station (150 MW), Andasol Solar Power Station (150 MW) and Extresol Solar Power Station (100 MW).

Continue reading “Solar thermal energy” →

A solar thermal collector heat by absorbing sunlight. The term “solar collector” commonly refers to solar hot water panels, but may refer to such facilities as solar parabolic troughs and solar towers; or basic installations such as solar air heaters. Concentrated solar power plants usually have a more complex flow of electricity to a turbine connected to an electrical generator. Simple collectors are typically used in residential and commercial buildings for space heating. The first solar thermal collector was designed by William H. Goettl and called “Solar heat collector and radiator for building roof”.

Continue reading “Solar thermal collector” →

Many nations have had significant energy sources of electricity and energy sources. Solar power plants use one of two technologies: By the end of 2016, cumulative photovoltaic capacity increased by more than 75 gigawatts (GW) and reached at least 303 GW, sufficient to supply 1.8 percent of the world’s total electricity consumption. The top installers of 2016 were China, the United States, and India. There are more than 24 countries around the world with a cumulative PV capacity of more than one gigawatt. Austria, Chile, and South Africa, 2016. The available solar PV capacity in Honduras is now sufficient to supply 12.5% ​​of the nation’s electrical power while Italy, Germany and Greece can produce between 7% and 8% of their respective domestic electricity consumption. After an almost two decade long hiatus, the deployment of CSP resumed in 2007. However, the design for several new projects is being changed to cheaper photovoltaics. Most operational CSP stations are located in Spain and the United States, while large solar farms are being developed. As of January 2017, the largest solar power plants in the world are the 850 MW Longyangxia Dam Solar Park in China for PV and the 377 MW Ivanpah Solar Power Facility in the United States for CSP. Most operational CSP stations are located in Spain and the United States, while large solar farms are being developed. As of January 2017, the largest solar power plants in the world are the 850 MW Longyangxia Dam Solar Park in China for PV and the 377 MW Ivanpah Solar Power Facility in the United States for CSP. Most operational CSP stations are located in Spain and the United States, while large solar farms are being developed. As of January 2017, the largest solar power plants in the world are the 850 MW Longyangxia Dam Solar Park in China for PV and the 377 MW Ivanpah Solar Power Facility in the United States for CSP.

Continue reading “Solar power by country” →

Many industrialized nations have increased their capacity for solar energy by increasing their energy consumption. Long distance transmission allows remote renewable energy resources to displace fossil fuel consumption. Solar power plants use one of two technologies:

A solar cell, or photovoltaic cell (PV), is a device that converts light into an electric current using the photovoltaic effect. The first solar cell was constructed by Charles Fritts in the 1880s. The German industrialist Ernst Werner von Siemens was the one who recognized the importance of this discovery. In 1931, the German engineer Bruno Lange developed a photo cell using silver selenide in place of copper oxide, the prototype selenium cells converted less than 1% of incident light into electricity. Following the work of Russell Ohl in the 1940s, Gerald Pearson, Calvin Fuller and Daryl Chapin researchers created the silicon solar cell in 1954. These early solar cells cost 286 USD / watt and reach efficiencies of 4.5-6%.

Continue reading “Solar power” →

A solar cooker is a device which uses the energy of direct sunlight to heat, cook or pasteurise drink. Many solar cookers are currently relatively inexpensive, low-tech devices, but they are as powerful as traditional stoves, and advanced, large-scale solar cookers can cook for hundreds of people. They are in the process of reducing the risk of pollution, and they are in a position to reduce their costs (particularly where monetary reciprocity is low) and air pollution, and to slow down the deforestation and desertification caused by gathering firewood for cooking.

Continue reading “Solar cooker” →

Solar air conditioning refers to any air conditioning (cooling) system that uses solar power. This can be done through passive solar, solar thermal energy conversion and photovoltaic conversion (sunlight to electricity). The US Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 created a new generation of solar energy and a new generation of solar energy. Solar air conditioning could play an increasing role in zero-energy and energy-more buildings design.

Continue reading “Solar air conditioning” →

Small hydro is the devel opment of hydroelectric power. The definition of a small hydro project varies, but a generating capacity of 1 to 20 megawatts (MW) is common. In contrast, the three Gorges Dam is 22,500 megawatts or the vast multiple projects of the Tennessee Valley Authority. In India, hydro projects up to 25 MW station capacities have been categorized as Small Hydro Power (SHP) projects. Small hydro projects may be built in isolated areas that would be a national economic grid, or where a national grid does not exist.

Continue reading “Small hydro” →

Sludge incineration (German: Klärschlammverbrennung, Chinese: 污泥 焚烧 发))) is a sludge treatment process It generates thermal energy from sewage sludge produced in sewage treatment plants. The process is in operation in Germany where Klärschlammverbrennung GmbH in Hamburg incinerates 1.3m tons of sludge annually. The process has been trialed in China, where it has been qualified as an environmental investment project. However, the energy balance of the process is not as high as sludge needs drying before incinerating. Sewage sludge can be incinerated in mono-incineration or co-inceneration plants. In co-inceneration, sewage sludge is not the only fuel and it can be processed at coal fired power plants, cement plants and some incineration facility.

Continue reading “Sludge incineration” →

Seaweed oil or seaweed oil is an alternative to liquid fossil fuels that uses seaweed as its source of energy-rich oils. Like fossil fuel, seaweed fuel releases when burnt, but unlike fossil fuel, algae fuel and other biofuels only released recently removed from the atmosphere via photosynthesis as the seaweed or plant grew. Seaweed does not require fresh water and can be grown in the sea.

Continue reading “Seaweed fuel” →

Renewable Energy Solutions for the Mediterranean (RES4MED) is a non-profit association established in 2012. The goal of this association is to promote renewable energy in the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean countries in order to satisfy local needs. RES4MED is in the following key areas:

Continue reading “Res4Med” →

Renewable Natural Gas (RNG), also known as Sustainable Natural Gas (SNG) or biomethane, is a biogas which has been upgraded to a higher carbon content and has a methane concentration of 90% or greater. A biogas is a gaseous form of methane obtained from biomass. By upgrading the quality of natural gas, it becomes possible to distribute to customers through the existing gas grid within existing appliances. Renewable natural gas is a subset of synthetic natural gas or natural gas substitutes (SNG). Renewable natural gas can be produced economically and distributed through the existing gas grid, making it an attractive means of supplying existing facilities with renewable energy and renewable energy, while requiring no extra capital outlay of the customer. Renewable natural gas can be converted into natural gas (LNG) for direct use as fuel in transport sector. LNG would be fetch good price equivalent to gasoline or diesel as it can replace these fuels in the transport sector. The existing gas network allows the distribution of energy over vast distances and a minimal cost in energy. Existing networks would allow biogas to be sourced from remote markets that are rich in low-cost biomass (Russia or Scandinavia for example). The UK National Grid believes that at least 15% of all gas is consumed by such foods, food waste, such as food and food waste. In the US, analysis conducted in 2011 by the Gas Technology Institute in the United States of America. Btu annually, being able to meet the requirements of 50% of American homes. In combination with power-to-gas, the carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide fraction of biogas is converted to methane using electrolyzed hydrogen, the renewable gas potential of biogas is approximately doubled. Many ways of methanizing carbon dioxide / monoxide and hydrogen exist, including biomethanation, the sabatier process and a new electrochemical process in the United States currently undergoing trials. In combination with power-to-gas, the carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide fraction of biogas is converted to methane using electrolyzed hydrogen, the renewable gas potential of biogas is approximately doubled. Many ways of methanizing carbon dioxide / monoxide and hydrogen exist, including biomethanation, the sabatier process and a new electrochemical process in the United States currently undergoing trials. In combination with power-to-gas, the carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide fraction of biogas is converted to methane using electrolyzed hydrogen, the renewable gas potential of biogas is approximately doubled. Many ways of methanizing carbon dioxide / monoxide and hydrogen exist, including biomethanation, the sabatier process and a new electrochemical process in the United States currently undergoing trials.

Continue reading “Renewable natural gas” →

The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is published on May 9, 2011. The report is under the leadership of Ottmar Edenhofer evaluates the global potential for renewable energy. mitigate climate change. This IPCC Special Report provides broader coverage of renewable energy than was included in the IPCC’s 2007 climate change assessment report. Renewable energy can contribute to “social and economic development, energy access, secure energy supply, climate change mitigation, and the reduction of negative environmental and health impacts”. Under favorable circumstances, cost savings in comparison to non-renewable energy use exist.

Continue reading “Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation” →

A renewable energy sculpture is a source of power, such as solar, wind, geothermal, hydroelectric or tidal. Such a sculpture is functionally both a renewable energy generator and an artwork, fulfilling utilitarian, aesthetic, and cultural functions. Patrick Marold, Elena Paroucheva, architects Laurie Chetwood and Nicholas Grimshaw the Land Art Generator Initiative. Echoing the philosophy of the environmental art movement as a whole, the artists of the world of renewable energies, who believe that their aesthetics is inextricably linked to their ecological function.

Continue reading “Renewable energy sculpture” →

Turkey is one of the richest countries in the world. For geothermal energy Turkey is ranked first in Europe and seventh in the world. Increased Energy Efficiency in Africa in 2015 to 4503MW in 2015. Turkey has a national renewable energy action plan, published in 2014 by the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources. Turkey’s renewable energy capacity of 24 gigawatts in 2013 is projected to reach 39 gigawatts in 2020. The World Bank has announced a $ 350 million credit to support the financing of renewable energy projects in Turkey.

Solar energy potential in Turkey is 977,000 (TWh / year) from which 6105 (TWh / year) is technically possible. However, 305 (TWh / year) is economic potential.Wind energy technical potential is 290 TWh / year. Grid parity for the solar is forecast for 2018

Continue reading “Renewable energy in Turkey” →

Under the heading of a renewable energy directive, France has a target of producing 23% of its total energy needs from renewable energy by 2020. of the electricity sector and 10.5% of the transport sector’s demand. By the end of 2014, 14.3% of France’s total energy requirements came from renewable energy, a rise from 9.6% in 2005. The outlook for renewable energy in France was boosted by the publication in October 2016 of the “Multiannual programming of the energy “, showing a commitment to re-balancing the electricity mix towards renewables. According to the report, renewable electricity is planned to grow from 41 GW in 2014 to between 71 and 78 GW by 2023. Historically the electricity sector in France has been dominated by the country’s longstanding commitment to nuclear power. However, the report emphasizes that by 2025 more than half of France’s nuclear power capacity will be 40 years or older. Thus, there is a need to look at other sources, including renewables, to meet the future generating capacity shortfall. A key component of France’s renewable energy target, particularly for buildings and thermal insulation. The renewable targets are targeted to stimulate new trades and changes to existing trades to enable green growth. The EPP plan targets the reduction of the consumption of primary fossil energy by 22% in 2023 from 2012 levels (reference scenario) or a fallback scenario of an 11% reduction under favorable conditions (variant scenario). In terms of the reduction in primary consumption, petroleum products are targeted at fall by 23% between 2012 and 2023 (reference scenario) or 9.5% (variant scenario), gas by 16% (9% variant scenario) and coal by 37% ( 30% variant scenario). In the transport sector, France has a range of initiatives designed to promote renewable energy use and increase efficiency. These include changing transport behavior, such as a target of 10% of tele-worked days by 2030 to reduce consumption. By 2023, the country has 2.4 million rechargeable electric and hybrid vehicles, and 3% of NGV heavy duty vehicles. Biofuels blended with petrol are set for 1.8% in 2018 and 3.4% in 2023, and for diesel 1% in 2018 and 2.3% in 2023. By 2030, non-road freight transport is targeted to reach 20% of all goods. Initiatives to increase walking and cycling are also being undertaken. Car pooling and digital services will be promoted to increase the number of passengers in the public service and to the number of passengers.

Continue reading “Renewable energy in France” →

There is a renewable energy debate on the constraints and opportunities associated with the use of renewable energy. Renewable electricity production, from sources such as wind power and solar power, is sometimes criticized for being variable or intermittent. However, the International Energy Agency has stated that its significance depends on a range of factors, such as the penetration of the renewables concerned. There have been concerns about the visual and other impacts of some wind farms, with local residents either fighting or blocking construction. In the USA, the Massachusetts Cape Wind project has been delayed for many years. However, residents in other areas have been more positive and there are many examples of community wind farm developments. According to a town council, the overwhelming majority of locals believe that the Ardrossan Wind Farm in Scotland has enhanced the area. The market for renewable energy technologies has continued to grow. Climate change concerns, coupled with high oil prices, rising oil, and rising government support, incentives and marketing. New government spending, regulation and policies helped the industry weather the economic crisis. are driving increasing renewable energy legislation, incentives and marketing. New government spending, regulation and policies helped the industry weather the economic crisis. are driving increasing renewable energy legislation, incentives and marketing. New government spending, regulation and policies helped the industry weather the economic crisis.

Continue reading “Renewable energy debate” →

Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs), also known as Green Tags, Renewable Energy Credits, Renewable Electricity Certificates, or Tradable Renewable Certificates (TRCs), are tradable, non-tangible energy commodities in the United States that represent proof that 1 megawatt-hour ( MWh) is a renewable energy source (renewable energy) and has been fed into the shared system of power lines which transport energy. Solar renewable energy certificates (SRECs) are RECs that are specifically generated by solar energy. Renewable Energy Certificates provide a mechanism for the purchase of renewable energy. The updated Greenhouse Gas Protocol Scope 2 Guidance Guarantees of Origin, RECs and I-RECs as mainstream instruments for documenting and tracking electricity from sources. These certificates can be sold and traded or bartered, and the owner of the renewable energy. According to the US Department of Energy’s Green Power Network, RECs represent the environmental attributes of the power produced by renewable energy projects and are sold separately from commodity electricity. RECO is a renewable incentive for renewable energy sources. A green energy provider (such as a wind farm) is credited with one REC for every 1, 000 kWh or 1 MWh of electricity it produces (for reference, an average residential customer consumes about 800 kWh in a month). A certifying agency gives each REC a unique identification number to make sure it does not get double-counted. The green energy is then fed into the electrical grid (by mandate), and the accompanying REC can be sold on the open market. “Retirement occurs when a Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) is used by the owner of the REC, may be not limited to, (1) use of the REC by an end-use customer, marketer, generator (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) A public claim associated with a purchase of RECs by an end-of-use customer, or (3) REC is retired, donated, or transferred to any other party. No party other than the owner may make claims associated with retired RECs. “Energy from any grid-tied source is bought and sold by contracts specifying the generator and purchaser. The majority of RECs are consumed from the electricity itself, and are widely used in the field of electricity and electricity. In these cases, the electricity is sold as “null” energy without its environmental and social benefits, as if it was generated by non-renewable resources such as coal or natural gas. When RECs are purchased in combination with non-renewable electricity. This is how the grid is connected to renewable energy is traded in the US Grid-connected renewable energy is used by their companies to meet their environmental requirements. RECs allow for purchasers to support renewable energy generation and allow the economic forces of supply and demand for renewable energy. Grid-connected renewable energy is used by their utilities and their environmental requirements. RECs allow for purchasers to support renewable energy generation and allow the economic forces of supply and demand for renewable energy. Grid-connected renewable energy is used by their utilities and their environmental requirements. RECs allow for purchasers to support renewable energy generation and allow the economic forces of supply and demand for renewable energy.

Continue reading “Renewable Energy Certificate (United States)” →

Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs), also known as Green Tags, Renewable Energy Credits, Renewable Electricity Certificates, or Tradable Renewable Certificates (TRCs), are tradable, non-tangible energy commodities in the United States that represent proof that 1 megawatt-hour ( MWh) is a renewable energy source (renewable energy) and has been fed into the shared system of power lines which transport energy. Solar renewable energy certificates (SRECs) are RECs that are specifically generated by solar energy. Renewable Energy Certificates provide a mechanism for the purchase of renewable energy. The updated Greenhouse Gas Protocol Scope 2 Guidance Guarantees of Origin, RECs and I-RECs as mainstream instruments for documenting and tracking electricity from sources. These certificates can be sold and traded or bartered, and the owner of the renewable energy. According to the US Department of Energy’s Green Power Network, RECs represent the environmental attributes of the power produced by renewable energy projects and are sold separately from commodity electricity. RECO is a renewable incentive for renewable energy sources. A green energy provider (such as a wind farm) is credited with one REC for every 1, 000 kWh or 1 MWh of electricity it produces (for reference, an average residential customer consumes about 800 kWh in a month). A certifying agency gives each REC a unique identification number to make sure it does not get double-counted. The green energy is then fed into the electrical grid (by mandate), and the accompanying REC can be sold on the open market. “Retirement occurs when a Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) is used by the owner of the REC, may be not limited to, (1) use of the REC by an end-use customer, marketer, generator (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) A public claim associated with a purchase of RECs by an end-of-use customer, or (3) REC is retired, donated, or transferred to any other party. No party other than the owner may make claims associated with retired RECs. “Energy from any grid-tied source is bought and sold by contracts specifying the generator and purchaser. The majority of RECs are consumed from the electricity itself, and are widely used in the field of electricity and electricity. In these cases, the electricity is sold as “null” energy without its environmental and social benefits, as if it was generated by non-renewable resources such as coal or natural gas. When RECs are purchased in combination with non-renewable electricity. This is how the grid is connected to renewable energy is traded in the US Grid-connected renewable energy is used by their companies to meet their environmental requirements. RECs allow for purchasers to support renewable energy generation and allow the economic forces of supply and demand for renewable energy. Grid-connected renewable energy is used by their utilities and their environmental requirements. RECs allow for purchasers to support renewable energy generation and allow the economic forces of supply and demand for renewable energy. Grid-connected renewable energy is used by their utilities and their environmental requirements. RECs allow for purchasers to support renewable energy generation and allow the economic forces of supply and demand for renewable energy.

Continue reading “Renewable Energy Certificate (United States)” →

The Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Partnership (REEEP) is a Vienna-based international organization (link in German) that advances markets for renewable energy and energy efficiency with a particular emphasis on emerging markets and developing countries. Its primary focus is on de-risking and scaling clean energy business models. REEEP was founded by the government of the United Kingdom, along with other partners, at the Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) in August 2002.

Continue reading “Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Partnership” →

Program for Economic Advancement and Community Empowerment (PEACE), is a four-year project funded by the European Union. and implemented by the Sarhad Rural Support Program (SRSP). It was launched in 2013 in all districts of Malakand Division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, namely, Swat, Shangla, Buner, Lower Dir, Upper Dir, Chitral and Malakand Agency.

The Program for Economic Advancement and Community Empowerment (PEACE) is worth € 40 million was signed between the Sarhad Rural Support Program (SRSP) and the European Union (EU). The project runs under the principles of financial sustainability and equitable sharing of benefits for the community for social development purposes.

Continue reading “Programme for Economic Advancement and Community Empowerment” →

Power-to-Heat (abbreviation PtH or P2H). This can be done with conventional electric heaters and heat pump systems. With PtH systems, the excess power can be used. Hence fossil energy sources and emissions in the heating area could be saved. In contrast to simple electric heating systems, such as, When there are excess energy the heat production can be used. In order to increase flexibility power-to-heat systems are often coupled with heat accumulators. The power supply occurs for the most part in the local and district heating networks. Power-to-heat systems are also able to supply buildings or industrial systems with heat.

Continue reading “Power-to-Heat” →

In passive solar building design, windows, walls, and floors are made to collect, store, reflect, and distribute solar energy in the form of heat in the winter and reject solar heat in the summer. This is called passive solar design because, unlike active solar heating systems, it does not involve the use of mechanical and electrical devices. The key to design a passive solar building is a better place for the local climate and an accurate site analysis. Thermal insulation, thermal insulation, thermal mass, and shading. Passive solar design techniques can be applied easily to new buildings, but existing buildings can be adapted or “retrofitted”.

Continue reading “Passive solar building design” →

Off-the-grid is a system and lifestyle designed to help people with a remote network, such as an electrical grid. In electricity, off-grid can be a stand-alone power system or mini-grids typically to provide a smaller community with electricity. Off-grid electrification is an approach to access electricity used in countries and areas with little access to electricity, due to scattered or remote population. The term off-the-grid (OTG) can refer to living in a self-sufficient way of reliance on one or more public utilities. Namely the electrical grid. People who adopt this lifestyle are called off-gridders. Off-the-grid homes to achieve autonomy; they do not rely on one or more of municipal water supply, sewer, gas, electrical power grid, or similar utility services. A common misconception is that a true off-grid house is able to operate completely independently of all traditional public utility services. Although this is not the case. The term “off the grid” traditionally refers to the electrical grid only.

Continue reading “Off-the-grid” →

Nuclear power is considered a form of low-carbon power, its legal inclusion In the United States, the status of nuclear energy is generally high, with significant exceptions in the states of Utah, and in the United States, where a particular implementation of nuclear fission with “waste” / fuel recycling meets the criteria. Sur le texte de la source de l’énergie et de l’énergie de l’énergie. The most common fuel used in nuclear power stations, uranium-235 is “non-renewable” According to the Energy Information Administration, the MOX fuel is one of the MOX fuel. Similarly, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory does not mention nuclear power in its “energy basics” definition. In 1987, the Brundtland Commission (WCED) classified fission reactors that produce more nuclear fuel than they consume (breeder reactors, and if developed, fusion power). The American Petroleum Institute, likewise, does not consider that it is a nuclear reactor, but that it is considered renewable and sustainable, and that it should be considered that it is a concern for millennia. the waste of efficiently burnt up. The monitoring and storage of radioactive waste is also required on the use of other renewable energy sources, such as geothermal energy.

Continue reading “Nuclear power proposed as renewable energy” →

The Nigeria Renewable Energy Master Plan (REMP) is a policy of implementation of the Renewable Energy Master Plan for Nigerian energy consumption. 2006 with Support from the UNDP.

The Renewable Energy Master Plan (REMP) articulates Nigeria’s vision and sets out a road map for increasing the role of renewable energy in sustainable development The policy primarily addresses Nigeria’s need for increased electricity supply, improved grid reliability and security.

Continue reading “Nigeria Renewable Energy Master Plan” →

National Solar Conference and World Renewable Energy Forum 2012 is an academic / scientific conference combined with a solar industry trade exhibition, to be held at the Denver Convention Center in Colorado, May 13 to 19, 2012. It’s organized jointly by the American Solar Energy Society , the World Renewable Energy Network, the International Solar Energy Society, the Colorado Renewable Energy Society, and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The Conference incorporates the 41st annual National Solar Energy Conference, the 37th National Passive Solar Energy Conference, the 7th ASES Policy and Marketing Conference, and the Renewable Energy Products and Services Exhibition. The Chair is Chuck Kutscher, Ph.D., a senior engineer at the National Renewable Energy Lab.

Continue reading “National Solar Conference and World Renewable Energy Forum 2012” →

The National Clean Energy Business Plan Competition (NCEBPC) is a US Department of Energy (DOE) program in six regions in the United States in Building Technologies, Advanced Manufacturing, Vehicle Technologies, Federal Energy Management Program, Weather and Intergovernmental, Biomass Program, Geothermal Technologies, Fuel Cells Technologies, Solar Energy Technologies and Wind and Hydropower Technologies, as recognized by the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy.

Continue reading “National Clean Energy Business Plan Competition” →

A microbial fuel cell (MFC), a biological fuel cell, is a bio-electrochemical system that utilizes a bacterial interactions between bacteria and bacteria. MFCs can be grouped into two general categories: mediated and unmediated. The first MFCs, demonstrated in the early 20th century, used to mediator a chemical that transfers electrons from the bacteria in the cell to the anode. Unmediated MFCs emerged in the 1970s; In this type of cytokromes, these molecules typically have electrochemically active redox proteins such as cytochromes that can be transferred electronically directly to the anode. In the 21st century, MFCs started to work in wastewater treatment.

Continue reading “Microbial fuel cell” →

Micro combined heat and power or micro-CHP or mCHP is an extension of the idea of ​​cogeneration to the single / multi family home or small office building in the range of up to 50 kW. Local generation has the potential for a higher efficiency than traditional grid-level generators since it lacks the 8-10% energy losses of transporting electricity over long distances. It also lacks the 10-15% energy losses of heat transfer in the district heating networks due to the difference between the thermal energy carrier (hot water) and the colder external environment. The most common systems use their primary source of energy and emit carbon dioxide.

Continue reading “Micro combined heat and power” →

MD Energy is a device for the conversion of wave energy into electrical energy. It is a point that absorbs which transforms the vertical motion of the circular floating buoy due to waves into electrical energy. Sigma Energy is a company that was established in 2008 in order to develop and deploy energy conversion technology. Company is privately owned by Mile Dragić, head engineer of the project.

Continue reading “Draft:MD Energy Converter” →

Market transformation describes both a policy objective and a program strategy to promote the value and self-sustaining presence of energy-efficient technologies in the marketplace. It is a strategic process of market intervention that aims at altering market behavior by means of barriers and leveraging opportunities to further the internalisation of cost-effective energy efficiency. Market transformation has rapidly become the objective of many privately and publicly funded energy efficiency programs in the United States and other countries.

Continue reading “Market transformation” →

Kitepower is a registered trade mark of the Dutch company Enevate BV developing mobile airborne wind power systems. Kitepower was founded in 2016 by Johannes Peschel and Roland Schmehl as a commercial spin-off from the Delft University of Technology’s astronaut Wubbo Ockels. The company is located in Delft, Netherlands, and currently includes 18 employees (2018).

Continue reading “Kitepower” →

Renewable Energy is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering renewable energy research, sustainable energy and the energy transition. It is published by Elsevier and the editor-in-chief is Kalogirou SA (Cyprus University of Technology). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2016 impact factor of 4.357.

Continue reading “Renewable Energy (journal)” →

Human power is work or energy that is produced from the human body. It can also refer to the power of a human. Power comes primarily from muscles, but body heat is also used in the home. World records of power performance by people are of interest to work planners and work-process engineers. The average level of human power can be maintained over a certain period of time. Human power is occasionally used to generate energy for batteries in the wilderness.

Continue reading “Human power” →

Home Power is a bi-monthly American magazine. It is based in Ashland, Oregon. Traffic is greater than 100,000. Published since 1987, Home Power has promoted the use of fossil fuels for electricity generation. Solar, wind, and hydro systems information is covered at a homeowner’s do-it-yourself level with expert advice and examples. Home Power also promotes and presents information on efficient energy building and design practices. Electric vehicle information is also featured and its integration with renewable electricity systems and solar panels.

Continue reading “Home Power” →

Güssing (,) is a town in Burgenland, Austria. It is located at, with a population of 3,811 (2011), and is the administrative center of the Güssing district.

The Güssing Castle, built in 1157, is the oldest castle in Burgenland and a regional landmark. The lords of Güssing (in Hungarian: Kőszeg, in Slovak: Kysak) were a noble family in the frontier region of Austria and the Kingdom of Hungary. Note that Kőszeg is the name of a nearby Hungarian town (known as Güns in German) to which the family moved its residence from Güssing in 1274. In 1522, it became the residence of the Batthyány family, one of the most distinguished Magnate families in Hungary.

Continue reading “Güssing” →

The Gulf Stream, together with its northern Atlantic Drift, is a warm Atlantic Ocean current that originates in the Gulf of Mexico and stretches to the tip of Florida, and follows the eastern coastlines of the United States and Newfoundland before crossing the Atlantic Ocean. The process of western intensification causes the Gulf Stream to be a Northward Accelerating Current of the East Coast of North America. North Atlantic Drift, crossing to Northern Europe and the southern stream, the Canary Current, recirculating off West Africa. The Gulf Stream influences the climate of the east coast of North America from Florida to Newfoundland, and the west coast of Europe. Although there has been recent debate, There is no doubt that the climate of Western Europe and Northern Europe is warmer than it would otherwise be to the North Atlantic drift which is the northeastern section of the Gulf Stream. It is part of the North Atlantic Gyre. Its presence in the development of strong cyclones of all types, both within the atmosphere and within the ocean. The Gulf Stream is also a significant source of renewable energy generation. The Gulf Stream may be slowing down as a result of climate change. The Gulf Stream is typically 100 kilometers (62 mi) wide and 800 meters (2,600 ft) to 1,200 meters (3,900 ft) deep. The current velocity is fastest, with the maximum speed typically about 2.5 meters per second (5.6 mph).

Continue reading “Gulf Stream” →

A gristmill (also: grist mill, corn mill or flour mill) grinds grain into flour. The term can refer to both the grinding mechanism and the building that holds it.

The Greek geographer Strabo reports in his Geography of a water-powered grain-mill to the Mithradates VI Eupator at Cabira, Minor Asia, before 71 BC. The early mills had horizontal paddle wheels, which was known as “Norse wheel”, as many were found in Scandinavia. The paddle wheel was attached to a shaft which was in turn, attached to the center of the millstone called the “runner stone”. The turning force produced by the water on the paddles was directly on the runner stone, causing it to grind against a stationary “bed”, a stone of a similar size and shape. This simple arrangement has not been necessary, but had the disadvantage that the speed of rotation was only suitable for use in mountainous regions with fast-flowing streams. This dependence on the speed of rotation is highly variable and the optimum growth rate is not maintained. Vertical wheels were used in the Roman Empire by the end of the first century BC, and these were described by Vitruvius. The peak of Roman technology is likely to have a 19-meter waterfall, giving an estimated 2.4 tonnes to 3.2 tons per hour. Water mills seem to remain in use during the post-Roman period, and by 1000 AD, mills in Europe were rarely more than a few miles apart. In England, the Domesday Survey of 1086 gives a precise count of England’s water-powered flour mills: there were 5,624, or about one for every 300 inhabitants, and this was probably typical throughout western and southern Europe. From this time onward, water wheels began to be used for other than grist milling. In England, the number of mills in operation followed growth population, and peaked at around 17,000 by 1300. Limited extant examples of gristmills can be found in Europe from the High Middle Ages. An extant well-preserved waterwheel and gristmill on the Ebro River in Spain is associated with the Real Monasterio de Nuestra Senora de Rueda, built by the Cistercian Monks in 1202. The Cistercians were known for their use of this technology in Western Europe in the period 1100 to 1350. Geared gristmills were also built in the medieval Near East and North Africa, which were used for grinding grain and other seeds to produce meals. Gristmills in the Islamic world were powered by both water and wind. The first wind-powered gristmills were built in the 9th and 10th centuries in Afghanistan, Pakistan and Iran.

Continue reading “Gristmill” →

Grid balancing has become an important aspect for the power grid in matching the supply of energy to demand. In recent years, it has become more predictable with more energy being installed in the grid. This time of day, when it is windy, but there is no demand. In Scotland this has been paid off, most recently over $ 6m in the past. Constraint payments are made to other electricity suppliers as well as wind. In 2011/2012, the National Grid in the UK totaled £ 324 million of which £ 31 million went to wind. In 2012/2013, thanks to improved transmission capabilities, they were £ 130 million of which only £ 7 million were for wind. This invention could alternatively be used in the electrolysis of water to make high purity hydrogen fuel used in fuel cells. In areas with a small hydroelectricity, the pumped storage systems such as the Dinorwig Power Station can allow the energy to be used for operational reserve or at times of peak demand rather than a natural gas peaking power plant.

Continue reading “Grid balancing” →

Green Illusions: The Dirty Secrets of Clean Energy and the Future of Environmentalism (), by Ozzie Zehner, was published in 2012 by the University of Nebraska Press. It discusses various approaches to “clean energy”, and why they do not provide the desired benefits. In successive chapters, it discusses solar cells, wind power, biofuels, nuclear power, hydrogen power, coal power, hydropower, alternative energy, green investment, population control, energy consumption, architecture, carbon taxes, environmental education. The author writes: “We do not have an energy crisis. Writing in the Huffington Post, Tom Zeller Jr. calls the author a provocateur. He quotes Chris Meehan, who called his view of photovoltaics “alarmist” and “misleading”, and he quotes Nick Chambers, who called his view of electric vehicles “ridiculous”. However, Zeller writes that Zehner cites “2010 lifecycle analysis” by the National Academy of Sciences as a basis for evaluating the “aggregate environmental damage” from an electric car. Writing for the Tyee, Justin Ritchie points to a fundamental question: “In a world of limited decisions, is it really smart to subsidize marginally effective mitigation strategies of our car culture, suburbia and overpopulation without addressing root causes?” All copies of the book in the United States have been self-censored due to food laws that allow the food industry to sue and criticize their products. by the National Academy of Sciences as a basis for evaluating the “aggregate environmental damage” from an electric car. Writing for the Tyee, Justin Ritchie points to a fundamental question: “In a world of limited decisions, is it really smart to subsidize marginally effective mitigation strategies of our car culture, suburbia and overpopulation without addressing root causes?” All copies of the book in the United States have been self-censored due to food laws that allow the food industry to sue and criticize their products. by the National Academy of Sciences as a basis for evaluating the “aggregate environmental damage” from an electric car. Writing for the Tyee, Justin Ritchie points to a fundamental question: “In a world of limited decisions, is it really smart to subsidize marginally effective mitigation strategies of our car culture, suburbia and overpopulation without addressing root causes?” All copies of the book in the United States have been self-censored due to food laws that allow the food industry to sue and criticize their products.

Continue reading “Green Illusions” →

The GREEN cell shipping concept is a new concept for powering merchant ships using containerized power units and a global logistics chain to manage these containers. GREEN cell stands for Global Renewable Electrical Energy Network cell. ABB Group has been working on the concept of an ABB Group, which took place on March 13, 2009 in Oslo, Norway. The concept was extended in ABB magazine, and remains under development, as part of an open innovation process.

Continue reading “GREEN Cell Shipping” →

Glidden Doman (January 28, 1921 – June 6, 2016) was an American aeronautical engineer and pioneer in helicopters and modern wind turbines. He founded one of America’s original six helicopter companies (Doman Helicopters, Inc.) after making major contributions to the use of Sikorsky helicopters during World War II. Doman Helicopters’ most prominent achievement was the Doman LZ-5 / YH-31 eight-seat helicopter, which received FAA certification on December 30, 1955. The unique feature of this helicopter was its hinge-less gimbaled, tilting rotor hub that greatly reduced stress and vibration in the blades and in the helicopter. Doman was one of the first to transfer knowledge of helicopter rotor dynamics technology to wind turbines. The 1973 Arab oil embargo prompted NASA Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio to lead a 7-year US wind energy program for the development of utility-scale horizontal axis wind turbines. This program featured the creation of Boeing’s MOD-2 with the Doman conceived flexible rotor design, two-bladed wind turbine with a teeter hinge. Following the NASA project, while working for Boeing, Hamilton Standard division of United Technologies, and Aeritalia in Italy, Doman developed large two-bladed, teeter-hinged wind turbines, including the WTS-3, WTS-4 , and the Gamma 60. After testing the Gamma 60 in Sardinia for 7 years, Doman and Italian nuclear mechanical engineer Silvestro Caruso founded Gamma Ventures, Inc. to further develop and market this technology. Gamma Ventures, subsequently invested and licensed to Seawind of the Netherlands, to commercialize the same two-bladed, teeter-hinge wind turbine concept. Doman, along with noted German-born aerospace engineer Kurt Hohenemser (a partner and confidant of the well-known German airplane and helicopter designer Anton Flettner), maintained that a flexible two-bladed helicopter type wind turbine rotor design that is compliant with the forces This type of wind turbine is a type of wind turbine that, by design, can only be constructed to resist the forces of nature. Two of Doman’s helicopters, the converted Sikorsky R-6 (Doman LZ-1A) and a Doman LZ-5 / YH-31, are on display at the New England Air Museum in Windsor Locks, Connecticut. along with noted German-born aerospace engineer Kurt Hohenemser (a partner and confidant of the well-known German airplane and helicopter designer Anton Flettner), maintained that a flexible two-bladed helicopter type wind turbine rotor design that is compliant with the forces of nature This type of wind turbine is more suitable for the production of standard wind turbine than rotors, which, by design, can only be constructed to resist the forces of nature. Two of Doman’s helicopters, the converted Sikorsky R-6 (Doman LZ-1A) and a Doman LZ-5 / YH-31, are on display at the New England Air Museum in Windsor Locks, Connecticut. along with noted German-born aerospace engineer Kurt Hohenemser (a partner and confidant of the well-known German airplane and helicopter designer Anton Flettner), maintained that a flexible two-bladed helicopter type wind turbine rotor design that is compliant with the forces of nature This type of wind turbine is more suitable for the production of standard wind turbine than rotors, which, by design, can only be constructed to resist the forces of nature. Two of Doman’s helicopters, the converted Sikorsky R-6 (Doman LZ-1A) and a Doman LZ-5 / YH-31, are on display at the New England Air Museum in Windsor Locks, Connecticut. A flexible two-bladed helicopter type wind turbine rotor design that is compliant with the forces of nature wind turbine rotors that, by design, can only be constructed to resist the forces of nature. Two of Doman’s helicopters, the converted Sikorsky R-6 (Doman LZ-1A) and a Doman LZ-5 / YH-31, are on display at the New England Air Museum in Windsor Locks, Connecticut. A flexible two-bladed helicopter type wind turbine rotor design that is compliant with the forces of nature wind turbine rotors that, by design, can only be constructed to resist the forces of nature. Two of Doman’s helicopters, the converted Sikorsky R-6 (Doman LZ-1A) and a Doman LZ-5 / YH-31, are on display at the New England Air Museum in Windsor Locks, Connecticut.

Continue reading “Glidden Doman” →

The Fourth Revolution: Energy, also known as ‘Die 4. Revolution – Energy Autonomy’, is a German documentary about renewable energy by Carl-A. Fechner, released in 2010. It’s a vision for a global society that obtains 100% of its energy from renewable sources and the complete reconstruction of the economy. Production took four years and was financed by individuals. Nobel Peace Prize laureate Muhammed Yunus through micro-credit, to the vision of the Right Livelihood Award laureate Hermann Scheer of Eurosolar, to modern businesses working in the renewable energy sector. The film launched in cinemas in Germany March 18, 2010 and had its US premiere at the San Francisco Green Film Festival in March 2011. In the German trailer to the film, the revolution in capitalist ownership of energy resources is stressed; Hermann Scheer says that “instead of a few owners we will have hundreds of thousands …” and “energy supply will be democratized”. The film embodies the philosophy of Hermann Scheer, who died in 2010.

Continue reading “The Fourth Revolution: Energy” →

Fee and Dividend Gold Carbon Fee and Dividend (CF & D) is a market-based mechanism for reducing carbon emissions. Carbon Fee and Dividend begins with a progressive-rising tax on carbon-based fuels, then returning to the public as a regular energy dividend. This is intended to incentivize a shift to low-carbon energy while protecting consumers from the costs of carbon-based fuels. Designed to maintain or improve economic viability while speeding up the transition to a sustainable energy economy, the Carbon Fee and Dividend has been proposed as an alternative

Continue reading “Fee and dividend” →

The European Biomass Association (AEBIOM, from the official French name European Association for Biomass) is a European trade association open to national biomass associations and bioenergy companies active in Europe. AEBIOM was founded in 1990 under the leadership of the French senator Michel Souplet with the objective to promote biomass production and application throughout Europe. AEBIOM is the umbrella organization of the European Pellet Council (EPC), and the International Biomass Torrefaction Council (IBTC).

Continue reading “European Biomass Association” →

EnergyBus is an open standard for the integration of and communication between electric components of light electric vehicles based on DC. It includes standards for both a communications and power distribution bus and a corresponding connector system. Data transmission is based on CAN bus, specifically CANopen. EnergyBus is standardized through CAN in Automation in CiA-454. The EnergyBus specification is published by the EnergyBus Association, based in Germany. Members are individuals, as well as manufacturers of components, vehicles, systems, and retailers. Bosch, Panasonic, Sanyo, Deutsche Bahn, Philips, and VARTA. One major goal of the EnergyBus E-Bikes

Continue reading “EnergyBus” →

Energy storage is the catch of energy produced at one time for use at a later time. A device that stores energy is sometimes called an accumulator or battery. Energy in various forms including radiation, chemical, gravitational potential, electrical potential, electricity, elevated temperature, latent heat and kinetic. Energy storage involves the conversion of forms that are difficult to achieve. Bulk energy storage is currently dominated by hydroelectric dams, and conventional as well as pumped. Some technologies provide short-term energy storage, while others can endure for much longer. A wind-up clock stores potential energy (in this mechanical box, in the spring voltage), a rechargeable battery and a hydroelectric dam stores energy in a reservoir as gravitational potential energy. Fossil fuels such as coal and gasoline store ancient energy derived from sunlight by organisms that later died, were buried in these fuels. Food (which is made by the same process as fossil fuels) is a form of energy stored in chemical form. Ice storage tanks frozen ice cream by night. The energy is not stored directly, but the work-product of consuming energy (pumping away heat) is stored, having the equivalent effect on daytime consumption. These were the fuels. Food (which is made by the same process as fossil fuels) is a form of energy stored in chemical form. Ice storage tanks frozen ice cream by night. The energy is not stored directly, but the work-product of consuming energy (pumping away heat) is stored, having the equivalent effect on daytime consumption. These were the fuels. Food (which is made by the same process as fossil fuels) is a form of energy stored in chemical form. Ice storage tanks frozen ice cream by night. The energy is not stored directly, but the work-product of consuming energy (pumping away heat) is stored, having the equivalent effect on daytime consumption.

Continue reading “Energy storage” →

An energy park is a separate area used and planned for the purpose of clean energy development, like wind and solar generation facilities. Energy parks create many other economic development benefits too. In Ohio, energy parks are creating thousands of green jobs. In Minnesota, community wind parks are also popular. In England, wind parks are commonly known as wind farms. A more “lightweight” version of an energy park is a wind park or solar park. These have one type of clean energy generation, rather than two or more technologies, as in an energy park. Some energy parks feature additional features beyond clean energy generation. Additional benefits include: green job creation, Smart grid connections, new technologies, and innovation opportunities.

Continue reading “Energy park” →

Energy in Common (EIC) was a not-for-profit organization issuing microloans specifically and only for renewable energy technologies. EIC was founded by Hugh Whalan and Scott Tudman in 2009 (website launch 2010). It is the most ambitious goal of delivering renewable energy to 15 million people in the next five years, while fighting poverty by empowering developing world entrepreneurs through microloans. EIC is one of the most promising contenders in the growing green microfinance sector. As of 2012, it has ceased operations due to a lack of funds after their overseas partners defaulted on their loan obligations. EIC operates very similarly to Kiva. In the box of Kiva, lenders provide funds with zero return to the world of entrepreneurs to invest in their businesses. EIC does this, but does focus on purchasing renewable energy systems like solar photovoltaic panels. What makes EIC particularly unique in microfinance non-profit sector is that they have created a model to measure the greenhouse gas emissions that are created by their loans. The EIC model helps provide funding for developing world entrepreneurs for energy solutions.

Continue reading “Energy in Common” →

The Energy Hierarchy is a classification of energy options. It is a similar approach to the waste hierarchy for minimizing resource depletion, and adopts a parallel sequence. The highest priorities cover the prevention of unnecessary energy use both by eliminating waste and improving energy efficiency. The sustainable production of energy resources is the next priority. Depletive and waste-producing energy generation options are the lowest priority. For an energy system to be sustainable: the resources applied to producing the energy must be capable of lasting indefinitely; energy conversion should produce no harmful by-products, including net emissions, which can not be fully recycled; and it must be capable of meeting reasonable energy demands.

Continue reading “Energy hierarchy” →

The International Energy Globe Awards have been awarded by the Energy Globe Foundation annually to recognize that ‘make care and use of resources and employ alternative energy sources.’ The winners, in the categories of Earth, Fire, Water, Air and Youth, are selected by the United Nations Industrial Development Organization, the World Bank and the European Renewable Energy Council. In 2016, the category Sustainable Plastics was added to the over five categories. The awards were an initiative by Austrian engineer and environmentalist Wolfgang Neumann. The herculean status of the Award often equates to Nobel Prize. It has been distinguished regionally, nationally and globally every year since 2000. The goal of the Energy Globe Award is to create a positive contribution to the environment and to make a positive contribution. The winning ENERGY GLOBE projects serve as examples, which are presented on the Energy Globe website and in the Energy Globe project database. The monetary prize for first place in the international award is 10,000 euro which is distributed among the six categories. The (inter) national ENERGY GLOBE winner projects are honored at festive ceremonies and presented in the media and on television. Large-scale awards were held in 2007 and 2008 in the Plenary Hall of the European Parliament in Brussels with the support of prominent people from all over the world. 2009 the Energy Globe Gala was the opening event of the informal meeting of the EU Environmental Ministers in Prague. 2010 Energy Globe Together with UNEP has opened a World Environment Day in Kigali / Rwanda. The 2014/2015 celebration took place in Tehran / Iran. More than 1000 projects from all over the world are submitted each year. In all some 7000 projects from 177 countries have been submitted for the Energy Globe Award. The ENERGY GLOBE Jury is headed by Maneka Gandhi (Member of Parliament), incumbent Indian Minister for Ministry of Women and Child Development and Indian Minister for Environment. Secretary of the Kofi Annan, President of the European Parliament and European Commission Martin Sheen,

Continue reading “Energy Globe Award” →

Energy forecasting is a broad term that refers to “forecasting in the energy industry”. It is not limited to forecasting demand (load) and price of electricity, fossil fuel (natural gas, oil, coal) and renewable energy sources (RES, hydro, wind, solar). The term is used to describe both point and probabilistic (ie, interval and density).

Continue reading “Energy forecasting” →

E-diesel is the name of synthetic diesel created by Audi to be used in automobiles. Currently, an e-diesel variant is created by Audi research facility in partnership with a company named Sunfire. The fuel is created from carbon dioxide, a crude oil in a crude oil (which is then refined to generate e-diesel). E-diesel is considered to be a carbon-neutral fuel as it does not extract new carbon and energy sources from carbon-neutral sources. As of April 2015, an Audi A8 driven by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research in Germany is using e-diesel fuel.

Continue reading “E-diesel” →

The Drakoo wave energy converter is a device that uses the motion of the ocean surface waves to generate electricity.

The Drakoo WEC does not fall into any of the usual wave energy converter classifications: its working principle, based on a twin-chamber oscillating water column system, is to transform waves into a continuous water flow which drives a hydro turbine generator.

Continue reading “Drakoo wave energy converter” →

Deep water source cooling (DWSC) or deep water cooling is a form of air cooling for cooling and cooling that uses a large body of naturally cold water as a heat sink. It uses water at 4 to 10 degrees Celsius drawn from deep areas within lakes, oceans, aquifers or rivers, which is pumped through the one side of a heat exchanger. On the other side of the heat exchanger, cooled water is produced.

Continue reading “Deep water source cooling” →

How a system extracts energy from the wind and transfers energy to systems. One typing parameter the position of the generator or pump or tasking line or device. Another typing parameter looks at the tethers of the tether set of the kite system are used; the tethers holding the kiting wing elements aloft may be used in various ways to form types; tethers may simply hold working wings aloft, or they may be pulling loads on the ground, or being towing loads of gold by pulling loads or grinding things. Some types are distinguished by fast motion transfer or slow motion transfer. Typing of crosswind kite power system is a matter of the nature of the wing set where the number of wings and types of wings matter to designers and users; A wing set might be in a train arrangement, stack configuration, arch complex, mesh dome, coordinating family of wings, or just be a simple single-wing with single tether. Types of crosswind are also distinguished by scale, purpose, intended life, and cost level. Typing by economic success occurs; is the system effective in the energy or task market or not? Some CWKPS are a type called lifters; they are purposed just for lifting loads, The type is frequented by the use of autorotating blades that appear then to look like helicopters. A single crosswind kite power system (CWKPS) may be a hybrid complex performing aloft energy generation while also performing ground-based work through tethering pulls. The crosswind kite power systems that involve fluttering elements are being explored in several research centers; flutter is mined for energy in a few ways. Researchers are showing types of CWKPS that are difficult to classify or type.

Continue reading “Crosswind kite power” →

Copper indium gallium (di) selenide (CIGS) is a I-III-VI 2 semiconductor material composed of copper, indium, gallium, and selenium. The material is a solid solution of copper indium selenide (often abbreviated “CIS”) and copper gallium selenide. It has a chemical formula of CuIn (1-x) Ga (x) Se 2 where the value of x can vary from 1 (pure copper indium selenide) to 0 (pure copper gallium selenide). CIGS is a tetrahedrally bonded semiconductor, with chalcopyrite crystal structure, and a bandwidth of 1.5 eV (for copper indium selenide) to about 1.7 eV (for copper gallium selenide).

Continue reading “Copper indium gallium selenide” →

Renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, tidal, hydro, biomass, and geothermal have become significant sectors of the energy market. The rapid growth of these sources in the 21st century has led to their increasing impact. While the average capacity of renewable energy sources was only 7% globally in 2010, Few new facilities were from fossil fuel-based power plants. The trend towards new power capacity is expected to continue through 2020. Since it is a renewable energy source, the use of fossil fuels is increasing. Hence, renewable energy supplies enable societies to progress towards lower-carbon-based economies. Copper plays an important role in renewable energy systems. Since copper is an excellent thermal and electrical conductor among the engineering metals (second only to silver), power systems that utilize the copper generate and transmit energy with high efficiency and minimum environmental impacts. By using copper instead of other lower electrical energy-efficient metal conductors, less electricity needs to be generated to satisfy a demand power demand. This article discusses the role of copper in various renewable energy generation systems. power systems that utilize high efficiency and minimal energy impacts. By using copper instead of other lower electrical energy-efficient metal conductors, less electricity needs to be generated to satisfy a demand power demand. This article discusses the role of copper in various renewable energy generation systems. power systems that utilize high efficiency and minimal energy impacts. By using copper instead of other lower electrical energy-efficient metal conductors, less electricity needs to be generated to satisfy a demand power demand. This article discusses the role of copper in various renewable energy generation systems.

Continue reading “Copper in renewable energy” →

Community Choice Aggregation, abbreviated CCA, also known as Community Choice Energy (CCE), municipal aggregation, governmental aggregation, electricity aggregation, and community aggregation, is an alternative to the United States aggregate the power of individual customers within a regulated jurisdiction. The CCA chooses the power generation source on behalf of the consumers. By aggregating purchasing power, they are able to create large contracts with generators, something individual buyers may be unable to do. The main goals of the energy mix, mainly by offering “greener” generation portfolios than local utilities. Currently CCAS are possible in the United States of Massachusetts, Ohio, California, Illinois, New Jersey, New York, and Rhode Island, and nearly 5% of Americans in over 1300 municipalities as of 2014.

Continue reading “Community Choice Aggregation” →

Cogeneration or combined heat and power (CHP) is the use of a heat engine or power station to generate electricity and useful heat at the same time. Trigeneration or combined cooling, heat and power refers to the simultaneous generation of electricity and useful heating and cooling of the combustion of a fuel or a solar heat collector. The terms cogeneration and trigeneration can also be applied to the power systems of electricity, heat, and industrial chemicals – eg, syngas or pure hydrogen (article: combined cycles, chapter: natural gas integrated power & syngas (hydrogen) generation cycle). Cogeneration is a more efficient use of fuel because otherwise it is wasted heat of electricity generation. Combined heat and power (CHP) plants recover otherwise wasted thermal energy for heating. This is also called combined heat and power district heating. Small CHP plants are an example of decentralized energy. By-product heat at moderate temperatures (100-180 ° C, 212-356 ° F) can also be used in absorption refrigerators for cooling. The supply of high-temperature heat first drives a gas or steam turbine-powered generator. The resulting low-temperature waste heat is then used for water or space heating. At smaller scales (typically below 1 MW) a gas engine or diesel engine may be used. Trigeneration differs from cogeneration in that the waste heat is used for both heating and cooling, typically in an absorption refrigerator. Combined cooling, heat and power systems can be more efficient than traditional power plants. In the United States, the application of trigeneration in buildings is called building cooling, heating and power. Heating and cooling output can operate concurrently or alternately Cogeneration has been practiced in some of the earliest facilities of electrical generation. Before central stations distributed power, industries generating their own power. Large office and apartment buildings, commonly owned and operated. Due to the high cost of these acquisitions, these theses are still available. Cogeneration has been practiced in some of the earliest facilities of electrical generation. Before central stations distributed power, industries generating their own power. Large office and apartment buildings, commonly owned and operated. Due to the high cost of these acquisitions, these theses are still available. Cogeneration has been practiced in some of the earliest facilities of electrical generation. Before central stations distributed power, industries generating their own power. Large office and apartment buildings, commonly owned and operated. Due to the high cost of these acquisitions, these theses are still available.

Continue reading “Cogeneration” →

The China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation (CSIC) is one of the two largest shipbuilding conglomerates in China, the other being the China State Shipbuilding Corporation (CSSC). It was formed by the Government of the People’s Republic of China on 1 July 1999 from companies spun off from CSSC, and is 100% owned by SASAC. Headquartered in Beijing, the CSIC handles shipbuilding activities in the north and the west of China, while the China State Shipbuilding Corporation (CSSC) deals with those in the east and the south of the country. CSIC’s subsidiary, China Shipbuilding Industry Company Limited (CSICL), was listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange in 2008. Its trade arm is China Shipbuilding & Offshore International Co. Ltd. CSIC has developed 10 main product sections: shipbuilding, marine engineering, diesel engines, storage batteries, large steel structure fabrications, port machinery, turbochargers, tobacco machinery, gas meters and automation distribution systems. The main business scope of CSIC includes the management of all the assets of the corporation and its subsidiaries, domestic and overseas investment and financing, undertaking scientific research and production of military products, mainly of warships, design, production and repair of domestic and overseas Civil engineering, marine and other non-ship products, various forms of economic and technological co-operation, overseas turnkey project contracting, labor export, projects of production with foreign materials, engineering project contracting, construction engineering, building construction and installation, and other business authorized. turbochargers, tobacco machinery, gas meters and automation distribution systems. The main business scope of CSIC includes the management of all the assets of the corporation and its subsidiaries, domestic and overseas investment and financing, undertaking scientific research and production of military products, mainly of warships, design, production and repair of domestic and overseas Civil engineering, marine and other non-ship products, various forms of economic and technological co-operation, overseas turnkey project contracting, labor export, projects of production with foreign materials, engineering project contracting, construction engineering, building construction and installation, and other business authorized. turbochargers, tobacco machinery, gas meters and automation distribution systems. The main business scope of CSIC includes the management of all the assets of the corporation and its subsidiaries, domestic and overseas investment and financing, undertaking scientific research and production of military products, mainly of warships, design, production and repair of domestic and overseas Civil engineering, marine and other non-ship products, various forms of economic and technological co-operation, overseas turnkey project contracting, labor export, projects of production with foreign materials, engineering project contracting, construction engineering, building construction and installation, and other business authorized.

Continue reading “China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation” →

A carbon offset is a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions or greenhouse gases made in order to offset offset emissions elsewhere. Carbon offsets are measured in tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO 2 e) and may represent six primary categories of the greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide (), methane (CH 4), nitrous oxide (N 2 O), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6). One carbon offset represents the reduction of one tonne of carbon dioxide or its equivalent in other greenhouse gases. There are two markets for carbon offsets. In the larger, compliance market, companies, governments, or other entities, they are allowed to emit. This market is subject to compliance with the obligations of the parties under the Kyoto Protocol and the European Emission Trading Scheme. In 2006, about $ 5.5 billion of carbon offsets were sold in the compliance market, representing about 1.6 billion metric tons of CO 2 e reductions. In the much smaller, voluntary market, individual companies, or governments purchase carbon offsets to mitigate their own greenhouse gas emissions from transportation, electricity use, and other sources. For example, an individual may purchase carbon offsets to compensate for the greenhouse gas emissions caused by personal air travel. Many companies (see list) offer carbon offsets as they sell their products to consumers and customers. good, etc.). In 2008, about $ 705 million of carbon offsets were paid in the voluntary market, representing about 123.4 million metric tons of CO 2 e reductions. Some fuel suppliers in the United Kingdom offer fuel as a result of such fuel dyes. Offsets are typically achieved through financial support of projects that reduce the emission of greenhouse gases in the long-term short-term gold. The most common project type is renewable energy, such as wind farms, biomass energy, or hydroelectric dams. Others include energy efficiency projects, the destruction of industrial pollutants or agricultural byproducts, destruction of landfill methane, and forestry projects. Some of the most popular carbon offset projects from a corporate perspective are energy efficiency and wind turbine projects. Carbon offsetting has gained some appeal and momentum mainly among consumers who have become aware of the potential negative environmental effects of energy-intensive lifestyles and economies. The Kyoto Protocol has been sanctioned offsets as a way for governments and private companies to earn carbon credits that can be traded on a marketplace. The protocol established by the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), which validates and measures projects to ensure they produce authentic benefits and are genuinely “additional” activities that would not otherwise have been undertaken. Organizations that are unable to meet their emissions quotas can offset their emissions by buying CDM-approved Certified Emissions Reductions. Emissions from burning fuel, such as red diesel, has driven one UK fuel supplier to create a carbon offset fuel named Carbon Offset Red Diesel. Offsets may be cheaper or more convenient alternatives to reducing one’s own fossil-fuel consumption. However, some criticism of carbon offsets, and the question of the benefits of certain types of offsets. This approach is based on the principles of quality assurance and the identification of “good quality” offsets to ensure offsetting provides the desired additional environmental benefits, and to avoid reputational risk associated with poor quality offsets. Offsets are viewed as an important policy tool to maintain stable economies and to improve sustainability. One of the hidden dangers of climate change is one of the hidden dangers of carbon trading, which can be reduced to a lower carbon price. effectively permit, equalizing the price.

Continue reading “Carbon offset” →

Carbon neutrality, or having a net zero carbon footprint, refers to achieving net zero carbon emissions by balancing a measured amount of carbon released with an equivalent amount of sequestered or offset. It is used in the context of carbon dioxide releasing processes associated with transportation, energy production, and industrial processes such as production of carbon neutral fuel. The carbon neutrality concept may be extended to include other greenhouse gases (GHG) measured in their carbon dioxide equivalence (e) -the impact of GHG on the atmosphere expressed in the equivalent amount of CO 2. CO 2 is the most abundant, the term “climate neutral” Kyoto Protocol, namely: methane (CH 4), nitrous oxide (N 2 O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFC), perfluorocarbons (PFC), and sulphur hexafluoride (SF 6). Both terms are used interchangeably throughout this article. The best practice for reducing carbon emissions and reducing carbon emissions is essential. Carbon neutral status is successfully achieved in two ways: The best practice for reducing carbon emissions and reducing carbon emissions is essential. Carbon neutral status is successfully achieved in two ways: The best practice for reducing carbon emissions and reducing carbon emissions is essential. Carbon neutral status is successfully achieved in two ways:

Continue reading “Carbon neutrality” →

BioSphere was invented, developed and owned by Dr. CA McCormack. BioSphere was marketed for 17 years under license granted to Global Environmental Energy Corp., a US public company Chaired by the Irish Prime Minister and Nobel Peace Prize Nominee, Dr. Albert Reynolds (1932-2014) Under Dr Reynolds BioSpheres leadership manufactured under license Russia, China, Thailand, Mexico and the USA were deployed worldwide. Dr. Reynolds spearheaded the company’s involvement in North Africa and North East Asia, before retiring to the health of bioSphere and its military and marine variants BioSphere-Neo and BioSphere-Marine, is a starved oxygen gasification process that harnesses the combustibility of solid and liquid wastes and a variety of traditional fuels in a limited-oxygen environment with significant limited atmospheric emissions creating a heat source and generating electricity in a gas / steam turbine. Examples of this type of product are: municipal solid waste, agricultural waste, forestry surpluses or wastes, industrial waste, medical waste materials, and traditional fossil fuels. The manufacturer and marketing rights to the patented BioSphere technology is licensed to a Chinese-based Chinese consortium in 2013 and expires in 2034.

Continue reading “Biosphere Technology” →

Biomimetics or biomimicry is the imitation of the models, systems, and elements of nature for the purpose of solving complex human problems. The terms “biomimetics” and “biomimicry” derived from (bios), life, and μίμησις (mīmēsis), imitation, from μιμεῖσθαι (mīmeisthai), to imitate, from μῖμος (mimos), actor. A closely related field is bionics. Living organisms have evolved well-adapted structures and materials over geological time through natural selection. Biomimetics has given rise to new technologies inspired by biological solutions at macro and nanoscale. Humans have looked at nature for answers to problems throughout our existence. Nature has solved engineering problems such as self-healing, environmental exposure tolerance and resistance, hydrophobicity, self-assembly, and harnessing solar energy.

Continue reading “Biomimetics” →

Biomass Energy Center is a biomass fired CHP power station located in the town of Chilton in Durham County. Opened in 2011, the plant was developed, and owned and operated by Veolia Energy-Dalkia.

In May 2009, Veolia Energy-Dalkia, who had a base in nearby Cramlington, Northumberland and had previously provided cogeneration (CHP) plants for the Newcastle General, Freeman and Royal Victoria Infirmary hospitals in Newcastle, announced their plans to build a biomass fueled CHP power station in the County Durham town of Chilton. Chilton Cathedral, Chilton Cathedral, Choline Cathedral, Chilton Cathedral, Chilton Cathedral, Chilton Cathedral, Chilton Cathedral. The new plant was expected to cost 40 million, half of which was spent in the North East region, on materials and components for the plant, aiding the local economy. Chilton Town Council voted unanimously in support of the plant, saying it would be a catalyst for the regeneration of the area, and this was supported by a 340 name petition from the local people. Planning permission was granted later that June and construction started in January 2010. 50 jobs were created during the construction, with 17 permanent jobs created following completion. Commissioning of the plant began in June 2011, taking three to four weeks to complete.

Continue reading “Biomass Energy Centre” →

Biomass briquettes are a biofuel substitute to coal and charcoal. Briquettes are mostly used in the developing world, where cooking is not readily available. There has been a move to the use of briquettes in the developed world, where they are used to heat industrial boilers in order to produce electricity from steam. The briquettes are cofired with coal in order to create the heat supplied to the boiler.

Continue reading “Biomass briquettes” →

Biomass is an industry for burning energy by burning wood, and other organic matter. Burning biomass releases carbon emissions, but has been classified as a renewable energy source in the EU and a legal framework, because it can be replaced by new growth. It has become popular among coal power stations, which switch from coal to biomass in order to convert to renewable energy generation. Biomass most often refers to plants or plant-based materials that are not used for food or feed, and are commonly called lignocellulosic biomass. As an energy source, biomass can be used directly by combustion to produce heat, or indirectly after conversion to various forms of biofuel. Can be achieved by different methods which are broadly classified into: thermal, chemical, and biochemical. Some chemical constituents of plant biomass include lignins, cellulose, and hemicellulose.

Continue reading “Biomass” →

Biogas typically refers to a mixture of different gases produced by the breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen. Biogas can be produced from such materials as agricultural waste, manure, municipal waste, plant material, sewage, green waste or food waste. Biogas is a renewable energy source. Biogas can be produced by anaerobic digestion with methanogen or anaerobic organisms, which digest material inside a closed system, or fermentation of biodegradable materials. This closed system is called anaerobic digester, a biodigester or a bioreactor. Biogas is primarily methane () and carbon dioxide () and small amounts of hydrogen sulphide (), moisture and siloxanes. The gases methane, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide () can be combusted or oxidized with oxygen. This energy release permits biogas to be used as a fuel; it can be used for any purpose, such as cooking. It can also be used in a gas engine to convert energy into the gas and electricity. Biogas can be compressed, the same way to CNG, and used to power motor vehicles. In the United Kingdom, for example, biogas is estimated to have the potential to replace around 17% of vehicle fuel. It qualifies for renewable energy subsidies in some parts of the world. Biogas can be cleaned and upgraded to natural gas standards, when it becomes bio-methane. Biogas is considered to be a renewable resource because of its production-and-use cycle is continuous, and it generates no net carbon dioxide. As the organic material grows, it is converted and used. It then regrows in a continually repeating cycle. From a carbon perspective,

Continue reading “Biogas” →

A biofuel is a fuel that is produced through such biological processes, such as agriculture and anaerobic digestion, rather than a fuel produced by geological processes such as those involved in the formation of fossil fuels, such as coal and petroleum, from prehistoric biological matter. Biofuels can be derived directly from plants, or from agricultural, commercial, domestic, and / or industrial wastes. Renewable biofuels generally involves contemporary carbon fixation, such as those that occur in plants or microalgae through the process of photosynthesis. Other renewable biofuels are made using the conversion of biomass (referring to recently living organisms, most often referring to plants or plant-derived materials). This biomass can be converted to convenient energy-containing substances in three different ways: thermal conversion, chemical conversion, and biochemical conversion. This biomass conversion can result in solid fuel, liquid, or gas form. This new biomass can also be used directly for biofuels. Bioethanol is an alcohol made by fermentation, mostly from carbohydrates produced in sugar or starch crops such as corn, sugarcane, or sweet sorghum. Cellulosic biomass, derived from non-food sources, such as trees and grasses, is also being developed as a feedstock for ethanol production. Ethanol can be used as a fuel for vehicles in its pure form, but it is usually used as a gasoline additive to increase octane and improve vehicle emissions. Bioethanol is widely used in the United States and in Brazil.

Continue reading “Biofuel” →

Berkshire Hathaway Energy (previously known as MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company until 2014) is a holding company which is 90% owned by Berkshire Hathaway. Berkshire has owned a controlling stake since 1999. Greg Abel serves as president, chairman and CEO. David L. Sokol was CEO until 2008. Until 2014, it was known as Mid-American Energy Holdings Company from its roots as MidAmerican Energy Company; it took on the name of its parent to reflect the diversity of its portfolio.

Continue reading “Berkshire Hathaway Energy” →

Atlantis Resources is a vertically integrated turbine in Singapore, Edinburgh and Bristol.

In February 2014, Atlantis became the world’s first tidal energy company to float on the LSE’s AIM and began construction on MeyGen, Europe’s largest planned tidal power project, later that year. In September 2015, Atlantis appointed Simon Counsell as Chief Financial Officer. A number of strategic investments and acquisitions occurred in late 2015 and throughout 2016 culminating in first power being produced at MeyGen. On 20th Feb 2017 the company announced that it had completed the first phase (Phase 1a) of the Meygen project in the Pentland Firth. This phase includes the design, manufacture and deployment of 4 1.5 MW turbines

Continue reading “Atlantis Resources” →

The Army Energy Initiatives Task Force (EITF) serves as the central management office for partnering with United States Army facilities to implement cost-effective, large-scale renewable energy projects, leveraging private sector financing “part of the Office of the Assistant Secretary of the John M. McHugh, Secretary for the Army, The Energy of the Environment September 15, 2011. The EITF supports the Army’s goal of deploying 1 gigawatt of renewable energy by 2025.On 1 October 2014, the Secretary of the Army directed the establishment of the US Army Permanent Office of Energy Initiatives (OEI).

Continue reading “Army Energy Initiatives Task Force” →

Anaerobic digestion is a collection of processes by which microorganisms break down biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen. The process is used for industrial or domestic purposes to manage waste or to produce fuels. Much of the fermentation used industrially to produce food and drink products, as well as fermentation, uses anaerobic digestion. Anaerobic digestion occurs naturally in some sediments and in the lake and oceanic basin sediments, where it is usually referred to as “anaerobic activity”. This is the source of methane gas as discovered by Alessandro Volta in 1776. The digestion process begins with bacterial hydrolysis of the input materials. Insoluble organic polymers, such as carbohydrates, are broken down into soluble derivatives that become available for other bacteria. Acidogenic bacteria then convert the sugars and amino acids into carbon dioxide, hydrogen, ammonia, and organic acids. These bacteria are associated with acid, additional ammonia, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide. Finally, methanogens convert these products to methane and carbon dioxide. The methanogenic archaea populations play an indispensable role in anaerobic wastewater treatments. Anaerobic digestion is used as part of the process to treat biodegradable waste and sewage sludge. As part of an integrated waste management system, anaerobic digestion reduces the emission of landfill gas into the atmosphere. Anaerobic digesters can also be fed with purpose-grown energy crops, such as maize. Anaerobic digestion is widely used as a source of renewable energy. The process produces a biogas, carbon dioxide and traces of other ‘contaminant’ gases. This biogas can be used directly as fuel, in combined heat and power gas engines or upgraded to natural gas-quality biomethane. The nutrient-rich digestate also produced can be used as fertilizer. The United States (2011), Germany and Denmark (2011), the United States (2011), Germany and Denmark (aaerobic digestion) 2011).

Continue reading “Anaerobic digestion” →

Algae fuel, algal biofuel, or algal oil is an alternative to liquid fossil fuels that uses algae as its source of energy-rich oils. Also, algae fuels are an alternative to commonly known biofuel sources, such as corn and sugarcane. Several companies and government agencies are funding efforts to reduce capital and operating costs and make algae fuel production commercially viable. Like fossil fuel, algae fuel releases when burnt, but unlike fossil fuel, algae fuel and other biofuels only released recently removed from the atmosphere via photosynthesis as the algae or plant grew. The energy crisis and the world food crisis (algae farming) for making biodiesel and other biofuels using land for agriculture. Among algal fuels’ They can be grown with minimal impact on freshwater resources, they can be produced using saline and wastewater, they have a high flash point, and they are biodegradable and relatively harmless to the environment if spilled. Algae costs more per unit than other second-generation biofuel crops due to high capital and operating costs, but is claimed to be between 10 and 100 times more fuel per unit area. The United States Department of Energy estimates that if it is algae fueled all the petroleum fuel in the United States, it would require, which is only 0.42% of the US map, or about half of the land area of ​​Maine. This is the area of ​​corn harvested in the United States in 2000. The head of the Algal Biomass Organization reported in 2018 if granted production tax credits. However, in 2013, Exxon Mobil Chairman and CEO Rex Tillerson said that after committing to spend $ 600 million over 10 years on a joint venture with J. Craig Venter’s Synthetic Genomics in 2009, Exxon pulled back after four years (and $ 100 million) when it is realized that algae fuel is “probably more” than 25 years away from commercial viability. On the other hand, Solazyme, Sapphire Energy, and Algenol, among others, and 2015, respectively. By 2017, most efforts had been abandoned or changed to other applications, with only a few remaining. Exxon Mobil Chairman and CEO Rex Tillerson said $ 600 million over 10 years in a joint venture with Craig J. Venter’s Synthetic Genomics in 2009, Exxon pulled back after four years (and $ 100 million) when it realized that algae fuel is “probably more” than 25 years away from commercial viability. On the other hand, Solazyme, Sapphire Energy, and Algenol, among others, and 2015, respectively. By 2017, most efforts had been abandoned or changed to other applications, with only a few remaining. Exxon Mobil Chairman and CEO Rex Tillerson said $ 600 million over 10 years in a joint venture with Craig J. Venter’s Synthetic Genomics in 2009, Exxon pulled back after four years (and $ 100 million) when it realized that algae fuel is “probably more” than 25 years away from commercial viability. On the other hand, Solazyme, Sapphire Energy, and Algenol, among others, and 2015, respectively. By 2017, most efforts had been abandoned or changed to other applications, with only a few remaining. Exxon pulled back after four years (and $ 100 million) when it is realized that algae fuel is “probably more” than 25 years away from commercial viability. On the other hand, Solazyme, Sapphire Energy, and Algenol, among others, and 2015, respectively. By 2017, most efforts had been abandoned or changed to other applications, with only a few remaining. Exxon pulled back after four years (and $ 100 million) when it is realized that algae fuel is “probably more” than 25 years away from commercial viability. On the other hand, Solazyme, Sapphire Energy, and Algenol, among others, and 2015, respectively. By 2017, most efforts had been abandoned or changed to other applications, with only a few remaining.

Continue reading “Algae fuel” →

The Agency for Renewable Resources (or FNR), was founded in 1993 as a government initiative to support research and development in the area of ​​renewable resources. As a project managing organization, the FNR answers to the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Food (abbreviated BMEL in German). In May 2015, the BMEL announced the new ‘Renewable Resources’ funding program. The Agency for Renewable Resources (FNR) has been entrusted with managing the program. Currently, around 600 projects with a budget of 193 million euro are being funded by the FNR. In 2016 the FNR households 61 million euro provided from Germany’s Federal budget for the implementation of the funding program. An additional 24.6 million euro are allocated for research and development in the field of bioenergy from the Special Energy and Climate Fund (EKF). ‘Renewable Resources’ Funding Program The ‘Renewable Resources’ funding program is part of the government’s new high-tech strategy to improve Germany’s competitive position. It also supports the government’s ‘Policy Strategy on Bioeconomy’, which aims to create a resource-efficient economy that makes use of renewable resources. The program is intended to support the further development of a sustainable bio-based economy. This involves developing innovative, internationally competitive bio-based products, as well as processes and technologies for their production. Furthermore, the program also supports the development of concepts aimed at improving the sustainability of the bio-based economy, while taking society’s expectations into account.

Continue reading “Agency for Renewable Resources” →

Aditya, India’s first solar ferry, is a solar-powered ferry operating between Vaikkom and Thavanakkadavu in the Indian state of Kerala. The boat was inaugurated by Kerala Chief Minister Sri. Pinarayi Vijayan and Central Cabinet Minister for Power, Renewable Energy, Sri. Piyush Goyal on January 12, 2017. It is India’s first solar-powered ferry and the largest solar-powered boat in India. The vessel was designed and built by Naval Solar and Electric Boats in Kochi, India. NavAlt is a joint venture firm between Navgathi Marine Design and Constructions, Alternative Energies (France) and EVE Systems (France).

The boat is operating since launch on 12 January 2017 between Vaikkom and Thavanakkadavu. The first150 days operation data shows that even rainy days during monsoon did not affect the schedule of the boat.

Continue reading “Aditya (boat)” →

The endeavor to use 100% renewable energy for electricity, heating and cooling, and transport is motivated by global warming, pollution and other environmental issues, as well as economic and energy security concerns. Shifting the total global primary energy supply to renewable sources requires a transition of the energy system. In 2013, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is the most important global energy demand. Renewable energy has grown up much faster than even advocates anticipated. In 2014, renewable sources such as wind, geothermal, solar, biomass, and burnt waste provided 19% of the total energy consumed worldwide, with approximately half of that coming from traditional use of biomass. The most important sector is with a share of 22.8%, with a share of 16.6%, followed by wind with 3.1%. According to the REN21 2017 global status report, these figures had increased to 19.3% for energy in 2015 and 24.5% for electricity in 2016. There are many places around the world with renewable energy. At the national level, at least 30 nations have more than 20% of the energy supply. Professors S. Pacala and Robert H. Socolow of Princeton University have developed a series of “climate stabilization wedges” that can be largest number of their “wedges.” Mark Z. Jacobson, Professor of Civil Engineering and Environmental Engineering at Stanford University and Director of its Atmosphere and Energy Program, says that it is possible to produce energy and energy. Be replaced by 2050. Barriers to implementing the renewable energy plan. Jacobson says that energy costs today, and that they should be similar to today’s cost-effective strategies. The main obstacle against this scenario is the lack of political will. Jacobson’s conclusions have been disputed by other researchers. Similarly, in the United States,

Continue reading “100% renewable energy” →

Renewable energy is energy that is collected from renewable resources, which is naturally replenished on a human timescale, such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat. Renewable energy often provides energy in many areas: electricity generation, air and water heating / cooling, transportation, and rural (off-grid) energy services. Based on REN21’s 2017 report, renewables contributed 19.3% to humans’ total energy consumption and 24.5% to their generation of electricity in 2015 and 2016, respectively. This energy consumption is divided into 8.9% from traditional biomass, 4.2% as heat energy (modern biomass, geothermal and solar heat), 3.9% hydroelectricity and 2.2% is electricity from wind, solar, geothermal, and biomass. Worldwide investments in renewable technologies amounted to more than US $ 286 billion in 2015, with countries like China and the United States, mainly in wind, hydro, solar and biofuels. Globally, there are an estimated 7.7 million jobs associated with the renewable energy industries, with solar photovoltaics being the largest renewable employer. As of 2015 worldwide, more than half of all new electricity has been installed. Renewable energy resources, in contrast to other energy sources, which are concentrated in a limited number of countries. Energy and climate change mitigation, and economic benefits. The results of a recent review of the greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) emitters, a high value for liability mitigation would provide powerful incentives for the deployment of renewable energy technologies . In international public opinion surveys there is strong support for such renewable energies as such as solar power and wind power. At the national level, at least 30 nations around the world are more energy efficient than 20 percent of energy supply. National renewable energy markets are projected to continue to grow strongly in the coming decade and beyond. Some places and at least two countries, and many other countries have the set to reach 100% renewable energy in the future. For example, in Denmark the government decided to switch the total energy supply (electricity, mobility and heating / cooling) to 100% renewable energy by 2050. While many renewable energy projects are wide-scale, renewable technologies are also suitable for rural and remote areas and developing countries, where energy is often crucial in human development. Former United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon has said that renewable energy has the ability to lift the poorest nations to new levels of prosperity. As more of renewables provide electricity, renewable energy deployment is often applied in conjunction with further electrification, which has several benefits: Electricity can be converted to heat, where it can be converted to heat and energy. In addition to that, it is much more efficient and therefore leads to a significant reduction in primary energy requirements, because most of the fossil power plants usually have losses of 40 to 65%. . Renewable energy systems are becoming more efficient and cheaper. Their share of total energy consumption is increasing. Growth in consumption of coal and oil could end up by 2020 due to increased uptake of renewables and natural gas. In addition to that, it is much more efficient and therefore leads to a significant reduction in primary energy requirements, because most of the fossil power plants usually have losses of 40 to 65%. . Renewable energy systems are becoming more efficient and cheaper. Their share of total energy consumption is increasing. Growth in consumption of coal and oil could end up by 2020 due to increased uptake of renewables and natural gas. In addition to that, it is much more efficient and therefore leads to a significant reduction in primary energy requirements, because most of the fossil power plants usually have losses of 40 to 65%. . Renewable energy systems are becoming more efficient and cheaper. Their share of total energy consumption is increasing. Growth in consumption of coal and oil could end up by 2020 due to increased uptake of renewables and natural gas. Renewable energy systems are becoming more efficient and cheaper. Their share of total energy consumption is increasing. Growth in consumption of coal and oil could end up by 2020 due to increased uptake of renewables and natural gas. Renewable energy systems are becoming more efficient and cheaper. Their share of total energy consumption is increasing. Growth in consumption of coal and oil could end up by 2020 due to increased uptake of renewables and natural gas.

Continue reading “Renewable energy” →