Energy-Efficient Ethernet

Energy-Efficient Ethernet (EEE) is a set of enhancements to the twisted-pair and backplane Ethernet family of computer networking standards that reduce power consumption during periods of low data activity. The intention is to reduce power consumption by 50% or more, while retaining full compatibility with existing equipment. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), through the IEEE 802.3az task force developed the standard. The first study was held in May 2007. The IEEE ratified the final standard in September 2010. Some companies introduced technology to reduce the need for Ethernet before the standard was ratified, using the name Green Ethernet.

In 2005, all the network interface controllers in the United States (in computer, switches, and routers) used an estimated 5.3 terawatt-hours of electricity. According to a researcher at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Energy-Efficient Ethernet can potentially save an estimated US $ 450 million in US $ 200 million, and offices ($ 170 million), and the remaining $ 80 million from data centers.

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Energy recycling

Energy recycling is the energy recovery process of utilizing energy that would normally be wasted, usually by converting it into electricity or thermal energy. Undertaken at manufacturing facilities, power plants, and large institutions such as hospitals and universities, The process is noted for its potential to mitigate global warming profitably. This work is usually done in the form of combined heat and power (also called cogeneration) or waste heat recovery.

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Energy neutral design

An Energy Neutral Design is a Design of any type (Website, Multi-media, Architecture, Art, Music, Entertainment, etc.) that has the environment and low energy consumption practices in all stages of planning and production. Energy neutral design, where devices absorb or harvest energy from the immediate surroundings and transform it to the electricity they require for their operation. One example of this is the Batteryless_radio. More recently, there is no need for energy neutral networks where light, heat, motion or other forms of energy are converted to electricity.

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Energi Mine

Energi Mine is a United Kingdom based blockchain technology company, which develops products in the energy management sector. It uses deep learning artificial intelligence models to trade and manage energy. In February 2018, Energi Mine completed an Initial Coin Offering (ICO). Energi Mine has a blockchain-driven platform that decentralizes the global energy market by incentivizing energy conservation. Consumers and organizations are issued with ETK Tokens to reward energy efficient behavior. The tokens can be used to pay electricity bills, buy energy-efficient appliances and take public transport. The company was founded in 2016 by Omar Rahim, who serves as its CEO. Energi Mine was covered in the news when it appointed an AI robot, Sasha to its management board to make make algorithmic decisions.

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Efficiency Vermont

Efficiency Vermont is a program that promotes energy efficiency across the state of Vermont. Created in 2000 at the Vermont Public Service Board, it has been reduced in recent years. It is sometimes referred to as an energy efficiency utility. It is operated by the nonprofit Vermont Energy Investment Corporation.

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Ecomechatronics

Ecomechatronics is an engineering approach to developing and applying mechatronical technology in order to reduce the ecological impact and total cost of ownership of machines. It builds on the integrative approach of mechatronics, but with the aim of only improving the functionality of a machine. Mechatronics is the multidisciplinary field of science and engineering that merges mechanics, electronics, control theory, and computer science to improve and optimize product design and manufacturing. In ecomechatronics, additionally, functionality should be used with efficiency and limited impact on resources. Machine improvements are targeted in 3 key areas: energy efficiency, performance and user comfort (noise & vibration).

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Ecoheatcool

Launched at the beginning of 2005 with support from the Intelligent Energy Europe program. the ECOHEATCOOL project carried out by Euroheat & Power, in co-operation with 13 partners across Europe was concluded at the end of December 2006. The project assessed the heating and cooling markets, looked for possibilities for the district heating and district cooling in Europe, provided recommendations for a tool maker and a tool for assessing the efficiency of district heating and cooling systems. The project has shown that it can be used in many ways to improve the efficiency of the production of heat and energy. as different forms of renewable heat (i. e. geothermal, heat / cold from deep-sea or lake water). The Ecoheatcool project has become a reference for district heating and cooling sector, its findings being used in the arguments provided to European Union and national policy makers. It enabled the development of a vision, quantification of the benefits which the district heating and cooling of the EU policy objectives: energy efficiency, environmental protection, security of supply , and evaluation of the costs.

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EcoCute

The EcoCute is an energy efficient electric heat pump, water heating and supply system that uses heat extracted from the air to heat water for domestic, industrial and commercial use. Instead of the more conventional ammonia or haloalkane gases, EcoCute uses supercritical carbon dioxide as a refrigerant. The technology offers a means of energy conservation and reduces the emission of greenhouse gas.

The name of the EcoCute comes from the Japanese phrase, which literally means “natural refrigerant heat pump water heater”. Eco is a contraction of either ecology or economics. literally “supply hot water.”

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Earth sheltering

Earth sheltering is the architectural practice of the earth’s energy supply, and reduces the temperature of the atmosphere. Earth sheltering has become relatively more popular in modern times, especially among environmentalists and advocates of passive solar and sustainable architecture. However, the practice has been around for as long as humans have been constructing their own shelters.

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Earth Hour

Earth Hour is a worldwide movement organized by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF). The event is held to encourage individuals, communities, and businesses to turn off non-essential electric lights for one hour, from 8:30 to 9:30 pm on a specific day to the end of March planet. It was started in Sydney, Australia, in 2007. Since then, it has grown to more than 7,000 cities and towns across 187 countries and territories. Occasionally, in years when Holy Saturday falls on the last Saturday of March, Earth Hour is moved to a week early rather than its traditional date. Earth Hour 2018 was on March 24, from 8:30 pm to 9:30 pm.Earth Hour 2019 is scheduled for March 30, from 8:30 pm to 9:30 pm.

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Dynamic voltage scaling

Dynamic voltage scaling is a power management technique in computer architecture, where the voltage in a component is increased or decreased, depending on circumstances. Dynamic voltage scaling to increase voltage is known as overvolting; dynamic voltage scaling to decrease voltage is known as undervolting. Uncertainty in the form of power, particularly in the case of laptops and other mobile devices, where energy is limited, or in rare cases, to increase reliability. Overvolting is done in order to increase computer performance. The term “overvolting” is also used to increase the speed of overclocking.

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Dynamic frequency scaling

Dynamic frequency scaling (also known as CPU throttling) is a technique in computer architecture that allows the frequency of a microprocessor to be adjusted. . Dynamic frequency scaling helps to reduce the cost of noise and reduce the cost of noise and overcompensation (eg after poor overclocking). Dynamic frequency scaling is used in all ranges of computing systems, ranging from mobile systems to data centers to reduce the power of the times of low workload.

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Ductwork airtightness

Ductwork airtightness can be defined as the resistance to inward air leakage through the ductwork envelope (or ductwork shell). This air leakage is driven by differential pressure in the ductwork envelope of the combined effects of stack and fan operation (in case of a mechanical ventilation system). For a given HVAC system, the term ductwork refers to the set of ducts and fittings (tees, reducers, bends, etc.) that are used to supply the air to or from the air. It does not include such components as air handlers, heat recovery units, air terminal devices, coils. Attenuators, dampers, access panels, etc. are a part of the ductwork, but they do not have the same function as ductwork. Ductwork airtightness is the fundamental ductwork that impacts the leakage of air through duct leaks. Typical reasons for poor ductwork airtightness include: In the US, there is a significant amount of work-saving energy saving potentials on the order of 20-30% in homes; and 10-40% in commercial buildings with airtight ducts The ASIEPI project technical report on construction and ductwork airtightness estimated the heating energy impact of duct leakage in a ventilation system on the order of 0-5 kWh per m 2 of floor area per year more additional fan energy for a moderately cold European region (2500 degree-days). Duct leakage affects more severely the energy efficiency of systems that include air heating or cooling. Continue reading “Ductwork airtightness”

Drammen Heat Pump

Drammen Fjernvarme District Heating is a district heating system in Drammen, Norway, a regional capital some 65km west of Oslo. The heat pump was manufactured by Star Refrigeration in 2011 with 3 systems giving a combined capacity of 14 megawatts to central Drammen providing 85% of hot water needed for the city. The district heating system is owned and operated by Drammen Fjernvarme who has the rights to the concession area given by the Drammen Municipality. This requires all new buildings larger than 1000 m 2 to be built with a water-based heating system and connected to the district heating system. The heat pump uses the natural refrigerant ammonia that has a zero global warming potential and is not a greenhouse gas. The heat source is seawater that is taken in around 8 or 9 ° C from a depth of 18 m and is cooled by low pressure liquid refrigerant. Using a vapor-compression refrigeration cycle, the system heats district water from 65 ° C to 90 ° C for use in building heating and hot water systems. Continue reading “Drammen Heat Pump”

Drake Landing Solar Community

The Drake Landing Solar Community (DLSC) is a planned community in Okotoks, Alberta, Canada, with a central solar heating system and other energy efficient technology. This heating system is the first of its kind in North America. The 52 homes in the community are heated with a solar district heating system that is equipped with solar thermal energy storage (STES). The system was designed to model global warming and the burning of fossil fuels. The solar energy is captured by 800 solar thermal collectors located on the roofs of all 52 houses’ garages. It is billed in the North America, it is a source of electricity. In 2012 the installation achieved a record world solar fraction of 97%; that is, providing that amount of energy to the environment.

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Double-skin facade

The double-skin facade is a system of building two skins, or facades, placed in such a way that flows into the intermediate cavity. The ventilation of the cavity can be natural, fan supported or mechanical. Apart from the type of ventilation inside the cavity, the use of the building, the location of the building and the HVAC strategy. The glass skins can be single or double glazing units with a distance of 20 cm up to 2 meters. Often, for protection and heat extraction during the cooling period, solar shading devices are placed inside the cavity.

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Insulated glazing

Insulating glass (IG), which is more commonly known as double glazing (or double-pane, and increased triple glazing / pane), consists of two or three glass panes separated by a vacuum or gas filled space. the building envelope. Insulating glass units (IGUs) are manufactured with glass in thickness from 3 to 10 mm (1/8 “to 3/8”) or more in special applications. Laminated or tempered glass may also be used as part of the construction. Most units are produced with the same thickness of glass as they require.

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District heating

District heating is a system for distributed heat generated in a centralized location for residential and commercial heating. The heat is often obtained from a fossil fuel burning plant but also biomass, heat-only boiler stations, geothermal heating, heat pumps and central heating are also used. District heating plants can provide greater efficiencies and better pollution control than localized boilers. According to some research, the district heating and combined heat and power (CHPDH) is the cheapest method of cutting carbon emissions, and has one of the lowest carbon footprints of all fossil generation plants. A combination of CHP and centralized heat pumps are used in the Stockholm multi energy system. This allows the production of heat when there is an abundance of intermittent power generation and power generation and intermittent power generation.

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Degree day

A degree is a measure of heating or cooling. Total degree days from an appropriate starting date are used to plan the planting of crops and management of pests and pest control timing. Weekly or monthly degree-day figures may also be used in an energy monitoring and targeting scheme to monitor the heating and cooling costs of climate controlled buildings, while annual figures may be used for estimating future costs. A degree day is computed as the integral of a function of time that varies with temperature. The function is truncated to upper and lower bounds, which are appropriate for climate control. The function can be estimated by one of the following methods, in each case by reference to a chosen base temperature: Heating degree days are typical indicators of household energy consumption for space heating. The air temperature in a building is on average higher than that of the outside air. A temperature of indoors corresponds to an outside temperature of about. If the air temperature is below 15.5 ° C, then heating is required to maintain a temperature of about 18 ° C. If the outside temperature is below the average temperature it is accounted as 1 degree-day. The sum of the degree days and the period of heating are used in calculating the amount of heating required for a building. Degree Days are also used to estimate air conditioning during the warm season. A temperature of indoors corresponds to an outside temperature of about. If the air temperature is below 15.5 ° C, then heating is required to maintain a temperature of about 18 ° C. If the outside temperature is below the average temperature it is accounted as 1 degree-day. The sum of the degree days and the period of heating are used in calculating the amount of heating required for a building. Degree Days are also used to estimate air conditioning during the warm season. A temperature of indoors corresponds to an outside temperature of about. If the air temperature is below 15.5 ° C, then heating is required to maintain a temperature of about 18 ° C. If the outside temperature is below the average temperature it is accounted as 1 degree-day. The sum of the degree days and the period of heating are used in calculating the amount of heating required for a building. Degree Days are also used to estimate air conditioning during the warm season. The sum of the degree days and the period of heating are used in calculating the amount of heating required for a building. Degree Days are also used to estimate air conditioning during the warm season. The sum of the degree days and the period of heating are used in calculating the amount of heating required for a building. Degree Days are also used to estimate air conditioning during the warm season.

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Data center infrastructure management

Data center infrastructure management (DCIM) represents any set of tools (including software programs and hardware devices in the form of computer parts, drives, cables, etc.) that help organize and manage information stored in a data center. The energy required to organize and store large amounts of data can be used in the context of data management (DCIM represents a class of products and services “) designed to assist the growing global demand for the electronic storage of information, Whether it is becoming more efficient and more secure and more secure and more secure and more secure (http://www.youtube.com/wfp Full DCIM “deployments” may involve specialized software, hardware and sensors, but most do not. The rapid evolution of the DCIM marketplace has helped set up metrics such as metrics like power usage effectiveness, CUE, and data center energy productivity as well as sales-driven metrics such as PAR4 (server power usage) and Data center predictive modeling. Since its identification as a missing component for optimized data center management, the broad DCIM category has been in a range of point-solutions and hardware-vendor offerings intended to address this void. The analyst firm Gartner Research has started with a more comprehensive set of capabilities. DCIM Suite vendors number less than two dozen in 2014, and consist of software that is widely available and integrated in nature. The existing suites may be affected by one or more of the following: 1) IT asset lifecycle management or 2) facilities monitoring and access. It is likely that for an extended period of time, the DCIM Suites that will continue to have their core strength in one discipline or the other, but not the same. Important to note that there are dozens of other vendors whose technologies directly support or enhance the DCIM suites. In general, these specialists’ offerings can also be used as a stand-alone solution to a specific set of data center management needs. In the fourth quarter of 2014, Gartner released their Magic Quadrant and Critical Capabilities Report which are the first tangible approach to a quantitative comparison of the values ​​of each vendor has to offer. The Magic Quadrant focused on 17 vendors, while the Critical Capabilities Report discussed just 7 that they considered broad enough to compare. DCIM alliances and partnerships with various other DCIM vendors to complete their own management picture. The inefficiencies seen previously in the world of energy and energy are simply too expensive for end-users and vendors alike in the energy-conscious world we live in. These multibillion-dollar broad framework providers include Hewlett-Packard, BMC, IBM and IBM / Tivoli and have promised DCIM will be part of their overall management structure. Today, each is defining their approach in doing so through organic and collaborative efforts. DCIM Suite and DCIM Specialist software vendors who offer varied DCIM capabilities including one or more of the following; Capacity Planning, 3D Visualization, Real-Time Monitoring, Cable / Connectivity Management, Environmental / Energy sensors, business analytics (including financial modeling), Process / Change Management and integration with various types of external management systems and data sources. In 2011 some predicted data center management domains would converge across the logical and physical layers. This type of converged management environment will be eliminated.

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Consolidated power generation

Consolidated Power Generation occurs when the total number of energy changing devices, such as automobile engines, decreases, while the total amount of usable energy increases or stays the same. The consolidation of hydrocarbon power generation to electrical power, and increased output of electricity. Currently, the prime example of this metamorphosis is the shift from hydrocarbon powered combustion engines to electricity. A requirement for consolidation is the acceptance of a “common” form of energy, such as electricity, to be the predominant one. The prime environment for the generation of electricity is the replacement of combustion engines with electric vehicles, Even if the electricity was produced in coal plants by This would consolidate hydrocarbon power generation from small to large power plants. In doing so, it would also be consolidated, which would allow for more regulation, and would also increase the availability of the environment. This would be a gradual and realistic step.

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Computer recycling

Computer recycling, electronic recycling or e-waste recycling is the disassembly and separation of components and raw materials of waste electronics. Although the procedures of re-use, donation and repair are not strictly recycling, they are other common sustainable ways to dispose of IT waste. In 2009, 38% of computers and a quarter of total electronic waste were recycled in the United States, 5% and 3% up from 3 years prior respectively. Since its inception in the early 1990s, more and more Electronic recycling is chiefly involved in the recovery of rare earth metals and precious metals, which are in short supply, as well as plastics and metals. These are resold or used in new devices after purification, in effect creating a circular economy. However, it can also be used in other ways than in the past, but it can be used in other ways than in other parts of the world. Recycling is considered environmentally friendly because it contains hazardous waste, including heavy metals and carcinogens, from entering the atmosphere, landfill or waterways. While electronics are a small fraction of total waste generated, they are far more dangerous. The most notable being the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive of the European Union and the United States National Computer Recycling Act.

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Collaborative Labeling and Appliance Standards Program

CLASP, formerly the Collaborative Labeling and Appliance Standards Program, improves the energy and environmental performance of the appliances and equipment we use every day, accelerating our transition to a more sustainable world. CLASP serves as the leading international voice & resource for energy efficiency policies and market acceleration initiatives. From the power of solar energy to climate change, the energy efficiency of climate change, CLASP programs increase of low-impact, low-impact, high-quality appliances. Appliances are a big part of our lives. Smart phones keep us connected. Heating, cooling, and lighting improve productivity and safety. Refrigeration protects the food we harvest and eat. Without much thought, we interact with energy and resource-consuming products every day. But they also use energy and livelihoods. Recent analyzes indicate that air conditioning, not cars, pose the greatest threat to our planet. As millions of households in developing and emerging economies, the world is poised to install 700 million new room air conditioners by 2030 and 1.6 billion by 2050. In terms of greenhouse gas emissions, that’s like adding several large countries to the planet. Meanwhile, nearly 3 billion people prepare their meals on inefficient, pre-modern cookstoves, or over open fires, using charcoal and biomass. An estimated 1. 2 billion people around the globe lack access to electricity altogether. Energy poverty is a major barrier to social and economic development, and the emissions generated by inefficient and dirty cooking and lighting methods pose serious health risks, especially to women and children, and are powerful climate forces. For most households living beyond the grid, electricity is far too expensive and resource intensive. On the grid, energy efficient appliances are one of the most cost-effective methods for climate change. They save money for governments and consumers alike, reduce energy demand, and bolster economic and energy security. Off the grid, energy efficient appliances with solar home systems or mini-grids to increase the availability and affordability of energy. Radically reducing the cost of off-grid energy efficient energy efficient, health, and economic outcomes for the world’s poorest people, while moving closer to a cleaner, renewably-powered energy economy. CLASP was created in 1999 as a strategic cooperation of three organizations, the International Institute for Energy Conservation (IIEC), and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). It became an independent, non profit 501 (c) 3 organization in 2005. and economic outcomes for the world’s poorest people, while moving closer to a cleaner, renewably-powered energy economy. CLASP was created in 1999 as a strategic cooperation of three organizations, the International Institute for Energy Conservation (IIEC), and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). It became an independent, non profit 501 (c) 3 organization in 2005. and economic outcomes for the world’s poorest people, while moving closer to a cleaner, renewably-powered energy economy. CLASP was created in 1999 as a strategic cooperation of three organizations, the International Institute for Energy Conservation (IIEC), and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). It became an independent, non profit 501 (c) 3 organization in 2005.

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China Energy Label

The China Energy Label (CEL) is an energy consumption label in China, similar to the European Union energy label. Of label of of…… China. China. China China China China China China China China China China China China China China China China China China China China China China China China China China China China China China China China China 的 China China. The label includes the product’s energy efficiency class (1-5) and its energy consumption.

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Certified measurement and verification professional

Certified Measurement and Verification Professional (CMVP) is an accreditation of the Efficiency Valuation Organization (EVO) and the Association of Energy Engineers (AEE) awarded to the field of Measurement & Verification (M & V) within the energy industry. M & V field worldwide. The right to use the CMVP post-nominal is granted to those who demonstrate proficiency in M ​​& V and knowledge of the International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol (IPMVP) by passing a 4-hour written exam and meeting the required academic and practical qualifications. The CMVP has had the necessary capabilities to write an M & V Plan that adheres to the IPMVP.

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Cellular shades

Cellular shades are a window covering used to block or filter light and insulate windows to save energy. Cell size can vary. Cell shapes hold trapped air and create a barrier between the window surface and the room. Since there is no test for them, they qualify for a US energy tax credit. Windows and doors make up for one-third of a home’s total thermal loss, according to the Natural Resources Defense Council. This applies to heat loss in winter, and entry of undesired heat in summer. When it is in the room, it is cooled or warmed. By convection this air circulates around the room. Cell shapes in the blinds are trapped air and create a barrier between the window surface and the room. Shades, however, provide only slight control of air infiltration. Continue reading “Cellular shades”

Carbon diet

A carbon diet refers to reducing the impact on climate change by reducing greenhouse gas production, CO2 production. In today’s society, humans produce CO2 in every day activities such as driving, heating, deforestation and the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas. It has been found that carbon dioxide from the burning of coal, natural gas, and oil for electricity is the largest single source of global greenhouse gas emissions. For years, governments and corporations have been attempting to balance their emissions by participating in carbon-offsetting – the practice in which they invest in renewable energy to compensate for global-warming pollution that they produce. Despite these efforts the results are still far off and we continue to see growth in CO2 concentration. Now, A growing number of individuals is trying to make a reduction in the amount of CO2 that is being produced by participating in low carbon dieting. This small adjustment in household CO2 production has the potential to reduce emissions much more quickly than other kinds of changes and it. It can be used to help avoid overshoot of greenhouse gas concentration targets; provide a demonstration effect; reduce emissions at low cost; and buy time to develop new technologies, policies, and institutions to reach long-term greenhouse gas emission targets and to develop adaptation strategies. This small adjustment in household CO2 production has the potential to reduce emissions much more quickly than other kinds of changes and it. It can be used to help avoid overshoot of greenhouse gas concentration targets; provide a demonstration effect; reduce emissions at low cost; and buy time to develop new technologies, policies, and institutions to reach long-term greenhouse gas emission targets and to develop adaptation strategies. This small adjustment in household CO2 production has the potential to reduce emissions much more quickly than other kinds of changes and it. It can be used to help avoid overshoot of greenhouse gas concentration targets; provide a demonstration effect; reduce emissions at low cost; and buy time to develop new technologies, policies, and institutions to reach long-term greenhouse gas emission targets and to develop adaptation strategies.

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Campus Conservation Nationals

Campus Conservation Nationals (NCC) is a national competition in which colleges and universities in North America compete to reduce energy and water consumption. Participating schools aim to educate students and faculty about resource consumption and its effects on the environment. The US Green Building Council (USGBC), the Lucid Design Group, the National Wildlife Federation, and the Alliance to Save Energy. The competition lasts for three weeks, and each individual school may choose when to compete with each other. Campuses can hold individual competitions, which involves building campuses competing to have the highest discount (by percent) of electricity and / or water compared to a previously-set baseline. Many campuses also participate in a competition group, competing against other schools in their region. 2015 National Conservation Campus marks the fifth year of the competition. Recent years’ competitions resulted in an overall energy savings of over 2 million kWh each year. The first pilot competition was held in 2010, with the resulting result in 500,000 kWh of energy saved. DePauw University was the winner of the 2010 competition

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Buildings Performance Database

The Building Performance Database (BPD) is an anonymized database contains That energy use intensity data for Hundreds of Thousands of buildings in the United States. It is built by the Department of Energy in the United States and maintained by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Users can examine specific building type and geographic areas, compares performance trends Among similar buildings, identify and prioritize cost-saving energy efficiency improvements, and the ranks for Assessment of Likely savings from improvements thesis.

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Building performance simulation

Building performance simulation (BPS) is the use of software for predicting performance aspects of a building. The objective is to create a virtual model that is accurate to form a useful representation of the actual building. BPS forecasts the various energy and mass flows within a building, in order to evaluate one or more performance aspects using computer simulation.

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Building performance

The building performance of a building or built environment, its impact on natural environment, its environment and its users. It is achieved through architectural, architectural design, efficient energy use and sustainability.

Although many buildings in the US, Canada, UK, and elsewhere claim to be “green,” “low energy,” or “high performance,” it is rarely clear on what evidence or claims. Such claims may not be credible without standardized performance measurements that are applied consistently. If claims of superior building performance are considered, it is essential that a common set of measurements be used and the results reported against meaningful benchmarks. Such protocols are also needed to give feedback to build designers and operators when measured performance does not match design intent. Continue reading “Building performance”

Building insulation

Building insulation is any object in a building. While the majority of insulations are for thermal purposes, the term also applies to acoustical insulation, fire insulation, and impact insulation (eg for vibrations caused by industrial applications). Often an insulation material will be chosen for its ability to perform several of these functions at once.

Thermal insulation in buildings is an important factor in achieving thermal comfort for its occupants. Insulation reduces unwanted heat loss and increases the efficiency of heating and cooling systems. It does not really have any impact on the issue of ventilation. Cellulose fiber, wool, polystyrene, urethane foam, vermiculite, perlite, wood fiber, fiber plant (cannabis, flax, cotton, cork, etc.), recycled cotton denim, plant straw, animal fiber (sheep’s wool), cement, and earth or soil, Reflective Insulation (also known as Radiant Barrier) but it can also involve a range of designs and techniques to address main modes of heat transfer – conduction, radiation and convection materials. Many of the materials in this list of heat conduction and convection by the simple expedient of trapping large amounts of air (or other gas) in a way that results in a material that employs the low thermal conductivity of small pockets of gas, rather than the much higher conductivity of typical solids. A similar gas-trap is used in animal hair, down feathers, and in air-containing insulating fabrics. The effectiveness of Reflective Insulation (Radiant Barrier) is discussed by the Reflectivity (Emittance) of the surface with airspace facing the heat source. The effectiveness of bulk insulation is evaluated by its R – value, of which there are two – metric (US) and US customary, the former being 0.176 times the latter. For attics, it is recommended that it should be at least R-38 (US customary, R-6.7 metric). However, an R-value does not take into account the quality of construction or local environmental factors for each building. Construction quality issues include inadequate vapor barriers, and problems with draft-proofing. In addition, the properties and density of the insulation materials is critical.

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Building engineering physics

The term building engineering physics was introduced in January 2010 commissioned by The Royal Academy of Engineering. The report, entitled Engineering a Low Carbon Built Environment: The Discipline of Building Engineering Physics, presents the initiative of the Royal Academy of Engineering in the field of fossil fuel dependence while working for the future . The field of building engineering physics and the construction of a new field of engineering. The application of building engineering physics allows the construction and renovation of high performance, energy efficient buildings, while minimizing their environmental impacts. Keywords: air movement, thermal performance, control of moisture, ambient energy, acoustics, light, climate and biology. This field employs creative ways of handling these main aspects of a building’s indoor and outdoor environments. Building engineering physics is unique from other established applied sciences or engineering professions as it combines the sciences of architecture, engineering and human biology and physiology. Building engineering physics not only addresses energy efficiency and building sustainability, but also the building’s internal environment conditions that affect the comfort and performance levels of its occupants. Throughout the 20th century, a large percentage of buildings were completely dependent on fossil fuels. Rather than focusing on energy efficiency, architects and engineers were more concerned with experimenting with “new materials and structural forms” to further aesthetic ideals. Now in the 21st century, building energy performance standards are pushing towards zero carbon standards in old and new buildings. Continue reading “Building engineering physics”

Building Energy Codes Program

The US Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Building Energy Codes Program (BECP) was established in 1991 (originally called the Building Standards and Guidelines Program), with its activities defined by the Energy Conservation and Production Act (ECPA). 94-385), as amended, and the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) (Pub.Lu. 110-140). These statutes can be used to develop models of energy-saving codes, and to determine the status of the product. The BECP is part of DOE’s Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Building Technologies Office.

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Building airtightness

Building airtightness (also known as airtightness envelope) can be defined as the resistance to inward or outward air leakage through a leakage point or areas in the building envelope. This air leakage is driven by the differential pressure of the stack. Airtightness is the fundamental building property that impacts infiltration and exfiltration (the uncontrolled inward and outward leakage of outdoor air through cracks, interstices or other unintentional openings of a building, caused by pressure effects of the wind and / or stack effect). An airtight building has several positive impacts when combined with an appropriate ventilation system (whether natural, mechanical, or hybrid): good building airtightness Conversely, poor airtightness may prevent achieving the desired indoor temperature conditions. From an energy point of view, it is almost always desirable to increase air tightness. However, it is often unclear how effective this dilution is and causes it to be uncontrolled and potentially poorly ventilated rooms may be sufficient. This adverse effect has been confirmed by simulated simulations in which it has been shown that typical mechanical ventilation systems are better. Air leaking across the envelope from the relatively warm & humid side to the cold & dry side of the air.

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Bottle recycling

Bottles are able to be recycled and this has a positive option. Bottles are collected via kerbside gold collection using a bottle deposit system. Bottlerecycle.org/ reveals that just 14% of all plastic packaging is recycled globally. PET bottles production is predicted to grow by about 5% a year. We are globally ABOUT 1 MILLION PLASTIC BOTTLES ARE ABOUT THE WORLD EVERY MINUTE AND ONLY ABOUT 50% ARE RECYCLED

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Blackle

Blackle is a website powered by Heap Media, which aims to save energy by displaying a grayish-white background. Blackle claims having saved nearly 6 MWh of electrical energy up to December 2016, a claim currently under dispute. For comparison, the average American household consumed 11 MWh of electrical energy per year.

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Bioenergy village

A bio-energy village is a regionally oriented concept for the use of renewable energy sources in rural areas. The system uses biomass from local agriculture and forestry in a biogas powerplant to meet the complete energy requirements of a village, such as electricity and district heating. These villages tend to be self-powered and independent of external grids, despite being connected to overland grids for feeding surplus energy. The term “bio-energy village” refers to a dependence on fresh biological material as a source of energy only whereas an “ecovillage” includes a variety of networks. Examples of such villages are Jühnde near Göttingen, Mauenheim near Tuttlingen and Bollewick near Berlin in Germany.

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Appliance recycling

Appliance recycling consists of dismantling waste home appliances and scrapping their parts for reuse. Recycling appliances for their original or other purposes, involves disassembly, removal of hazardous components and destruction of the end-of-life equipment to recover materials, generally by shredding, sorting and grading. The rate at which appliances are discarded has increased with advancement. This correlation leads directly to the question of appropriate disposal. The main types of appliances are refrigerated, air conditioners, washing machines, and computers. When appliances are recycled, they can be looked upon as valuable resources. If disposed of improperly, appliances can become environmentally harmful and poison ecosystems. The strength of appliance recycling legislation varies around the world. For example recycling one refrigerator can save 10 lb. of foam insulation, and 300000 BTU of energy.

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Aluminium recycling

Aluminum recycling is the process by which aluminum scrap can be reused in products after its initial production. The process involves simply re-melting the metal, which is far less expensive and energy-intensive than creating new aluminum through the electrolysis of aluminum oxide (2 3), which must first be mined from bauxite and refined using the Bayer process. Recycling aluminum scrap requires only 5% of the energy used to make new aluminum from the raw ore. For this reason, approximately 36% of all aluminum produced in the United States comes from old recycled scrap. Used beverage containers are the largest component of aluminum scrap, and most of it is manufactured in aluminum cans.

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Air source heat pumps

An air source heat pump (ASHP) is a system that transfers heat to outside a building, or vice versa. Under the principles of vapor compression refrigeration, an ASHP uses a refrigerant system involving a compressor and a condenser to absorb heat at one place and release it at another. They can be used as a space heater or cooler, and are sometimes called “reverse-cycle air conditioners”. In domestic heating, an ASHP absorbs heat and air-conditioning, as hot air, hot-water-filled radiators, underfloor heating and / or domestic hot water supply. The same system can often do the reverse in summer, cooling the inside of the house. When properly specified, ASHP can provide a full hot water heating solution and domestic hot water up to 80 ° C.

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Air Infiltration and Ventilation Centre

Air Infiltration and Ventilation Center (AIVC) is the International Energy Agency (IEA) information center on energy efficient ventilation of buildings.

The AIVC started in 1979 in the context of the first and second oil crisis in 1973 and 1979. The Center was established in the fifth research project (Annex 5) in the context of the implementing agreement Energy in Buildings and Communities Program (EBC) – (at that time called ECBCS) of the International Energy Agency (IEA, 1974). Since its inauguration, in 1979, the AIVC has been running without interruption. On June 9, 2016 the executive committee of the International Energy Agency (IEA) Technical Collaboration Program Buildings and Communities (EBC TCP), approved a 5-year extension period for the AIVC from 2017 till 2021. In the first years, the AIVC’s primary focus on understanding and finding ways to limit the impact of air infiltration in buildings. This was reflected in its original name “Air Infiltration Center”. Ventilation was introduced in 1986 because of the strong interactions between ventilation and infiltration in buildings and interiors. The Center has developed an expertise in ventilation and infiltration with a series of technical notes and guides In parallel, the scientific and professional community in this area has grown significantly. Therefore, since 2011, to promote exchanges and collaboration between the various stakeholders in the field, AIVC has shifted its focus to networking activities including the use of advanced and innovative dissemination strategies. The Center is operated by the International Network for Information on Ventilation and Energy Performance (INIVE), which is a registered European Economic Interest Grouping (EEIG) whose members include building research centers in Europe. Today, AIVC serves as a source of information for scientists and professionals interested in building ventilation and infiltration issues. The Center holds annual conferences and workshops, publishes papers and reports, and maintains a large database of publications. The AIVC also collaborates with the TightVent Europe and Venticool Platforms; Both platforms are market oriented, created in 2011 and 2012 and focused on building and ductwork airtightness and ventilative cooling strategies in buildings, respectively. In addition, the AIVC has collaborative activities with organizations such as the International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate (ISIAQ), the Federation of European Heating,

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88888 Lights Out

88888 Lights Out was a campaign with the stated goal of increasing awareness of global warming and promoting actions to reduce energy consumption. By encouraging India’s residents to turn to the lights and reduce pollution of the globe.

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2000-watt society

The 2000-watt society is an environmental vision, first introduced in 1998 by the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETH Zurich), which pictures the average first world of 2000 watts (ie 2 kilowatt-hours per hour or 48 kWh per day) by the 2050 year, without lowering their standard of living. The concept is not only personal or household energy use, but the total for the whole society, including the embodied energy, divided by the population. Two thousand watts is about the current world average rate of total primary energy use. This compares to averages of around 6,000 watts in Western Europe, 12,000 watts in the United States, 1,500 watts in China, 1,000 watts in India, 500 watts in South Africa and only 300 watts in Bangladesh. Switzerland itself, currently using an average of around 5,000 watts, was last a 2000-watt society in the 1960s. It is further considered that the use of carbon-based fuels would be less than 500 watts per person within 50 to 100 years. The vision was developed in response to climate change, energy security, and the future availability of energy supplies. It is supported by the Swiss Federal Office of Energy, the Association of Swiss Architects and Engineers, and other bodies. and the future availability of energy supplies. It is supported by the Swiss Federal Office of Energy, the Association of Swiss Architects and Engineers, and other bodies. and the future availability of energy supplies. It is supported by the Swiss Federal Office of Energy, the Association of Swiss Architects and Engineers, and other bodies.

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80 Plus

80 Plus (trademarked 80 PLUS) is a voluntary certification program intended to promote efficient energy use (PSUs). Launched in 2004 by Ecos Consulting, it certifies products that have more than 80% energy efficiency at 20%, 50% and 100% of rated load, and a power factor of 0.9 or greater at 100% load. Such PSUs waste 20% or less electric energy and the use of PSUs.

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Wind power

Wind power is the use of wind turbines to mechanically power generators for electricity. Wind power, as an alternative to burning fossil fuels, is plentiful, renewable, distributed, clean, produces no greenhouse gas emissions during operation, no water consumes, and uses little land. The net effects on the environment are far less problematic than those of nonrenewable power sources. Wind farms consist of many individual wind turbines, which are connected to the electric power transmission network. Onshore wind is an inexpensive source of electric power, competitive with or in many places cheaper than coal or gas plants. Offshore wind is stronger and more effective. Small onshore wind farms can feed some energy into the grid or provide electric power to insulated off-grid locations. Wind power gives variable power, which is very variable. It is therefore used in conjunction with other electric power sources to give a reliable supply. As the proportion of wind power in a region increases, a need to upgrade the grid Power-management techniques such as having excess capacity, geographically distributed turbines, dispatchable backing sources, sufficient hydroelectric power, and importing power to neighboring areas, or reducing demand. In addition, weather forecasting permits the electric-power network to be predictable variations in production that occur. As of 2015, Denmark generates 40% of its electric power from wind, and at least 83 other countries around the world are using their electric power grids. In 2014, global wind power capacity expanded 16% to 369,553 MW. Yearly wind energy production is also growing rapidly and has reached around 4% of worldwide electric power usage, 11.4% in the US.

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Wildpoldsried

Wildpoldsried is a municipality in the district of Oberallgäu in Bavaria in Germany. The village has been recognized for its exceptional achievements in renewable energy production and in its carbon footprint.

The earliest known to Wildpoldsried dates to 1392, when it was mentioned in documents relating to the Cloud Mountain Castle. Later, it was the seat of the Lower and Upper Courts of the Abbey Kempten, at Benedictine Monastery. Secularization took place in 1803, and the municipality was formalized in 1818, in accordance with the laws of the Kingdom of Bavaria.

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Waves4Power

Waves4Power is a developer of buoy-based Offshore Wave Energy Converter (OWEC) systems. There are plans to install a demonstration plant at the Runde Environmental Center in Norway. There they will be testing the WaveEL, an offshore buoy. This will be connected via sub-sea cable to the shore based power grid.

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Waste heat recovery unit

A waste heat recovery unit (WHRU) is an energy recovery heat exchanger that transfers heat from process outputs to high temperature to another part of the process for some purpose, usually increased efficiency. The WHRU is a tool involved in cogeneration. Such gases may be drawn from sources such as hot flue gases from a diesel generator, steam from cooling towers, or even waste water from cooling processes such as steel cooling.

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Village Homes

Village Homes is a planned community in Davis, Yolo County, California. It is designed to be ecologically sustainable by harnessing the energy and natural resources that exists in the landscape, especially stormwater and solar energy.

The principal designer of Village Homes was architect Mike Corbett, who began planning in the 1960s, with construction continuing from south to north from the 1970s through the 1980s. Village Homes was completed in 1982, and has attracted international attention from its inception as an early model of an environmentally friendly housing development, including a visit from then President François Mitterrand.

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Town Mill, Guildford

The Town Mill is a Grade II listed 18th Century watermill located in the center of Guildford on the River Wey.

The earliest recorded on the site was made by Walter de la Poyle in 1295. This was a fulling mill as Guildford was an important location in the wool trade. This is probably known as Kings Mill. By the late 17th century milled with four pairs of stones, two for flour and two for animal feed. The whole assembly was driven by three external water wheels. The construction of the wey is a boon for the milling of grain to be delivered to the mill by barge and resulting sacks of flour to be taken, again by barge, to London. By 1768 the buildings had become rather dilapidated and the eastern range was broken down by a three-storey red brick building with dentil molding under the eaves of a tiled roof. The western range was simply repaired and comtinued in use. This section is known as the Hogsmeat Mill. At the same time the old undershot wheels are more efficient breast shot wheels. In 1852 the western section was replaced with an identical brick building styled to match the 1768 building. In 1827 it was reported that an extension to the Hogsmeat Mill was attached to the Guildford foundry, on the site now occupied by the Yvonne Arnaud Theater, but this building was demolished by 1852. From 1770, an additional water wheel was being used to pump water to the town on Pewsey Down. This was replaced by two water turbines in 1896, then a single turbine in 1930, in use until 1952 when it was passed by. In 2003, Guildford Borough Council arranged for the refurbishment and installation of a similar turbine as an example of renewable energy. This turbine drives a generator to supply up to 260,000 kWh of electricity into the National Grid, annually. The turbine turbine came on-line in 2006. The 1930 turbine has been preserved, and is on display at Dapdune Wharf. The Mill is now used by the adjacent Yvonne Arnaud Theater as a scenery workshop and studio theater.

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Tidal power

Tidal power or tidal energy is a form of hydropower that converts Although not yet widely used, tidal energy has potential for future electricity generation. Tides are more predictable than the wind and the sun. Among sources of renewable energy, it is therefore relatively easy to use, thus constricting its total availability. However, many recent developments, both in design (eg dynamic tidal power, tidal lagoons) and turbine technology (eg new axial turbines, cross flow turbines), indicate that the total availability of tidal power may be much higher than assumed , and that economic and environmental costs can be brought down to competitive levels. Historically, tide mills have been used both in Europe and on the Atlantic coast of North America. The water supply has been widely used, and it has been used, it has been used in the production of water. The earliest occurrences date from the Middle Ages, or even from Roman times. The process of using water and spinning turbines to create electricity was introduced in the US and Europe in the 19th century. The world’s first large-scale tidal power plant was the Rance Tidal Power Station in France, which became operational in 1966. It was the largest tidal power station in Sihwa Lake Tidal Power Station opened in South Korea in August 2011.

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The Third Industrial Revolution

The Third Industrial Revolution; How Lateral Power is Transforming Energy, the Economy, and the World is a book by Jeremy Rifkin published in 2011. The premise of the book is that fundamental economic change occurs when new technologies converge with new energy regimes, mainly, renewable electricity. The sharing economy is also a crucial element of the Third Industrial Revolution.

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Thermal energy storage

Thermal energy storage (TES) is achieved with widely differing technologies. Depending on the specific technology, it is possible to increase the temperature of the energy supply, and to increase the energy consumption of the building, multiuser-building, district, town, or region. Use examples are the balancing of energy demand between daytime and nighttime, seasonal heating for winter heating, or seasonal winter heat storage. Storage media include water or ice-slush tanks, masses of native earth or bedrock with heat exchangers by means of boreholes, deep aquifers contained between impermeable strata; shallow, lined pits filled with gravel and water and insulated at the top, as well as eutectic solutions and phase-change materials. Other sources of thermal energy for storage include heat or cold production with heat pumps from off-peak, a cost called peak shaving; heat of combined heat and power (CHP) power plants; heat produced by renewable electrical energy that exceeds grid demand and waste heat from industrial processes. Heat storage, are considered to be important sources of energy, and they are considered to be highly profitable. heat produced by renewable electrical energy that exceeds grid demand and waste heat from industrial processes. Heat storage, are considered to be important sources of energy, and they are considered to be highly profitable. heat produced by renewable electrical energy that exceeds grid demand and waste heat from industrial processes. Heat storage, are considered to be important sources of energy, and they are considered to be highly profitable.

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Tethys (database)

Tethys is an online knowledge management system that provides marine renewable energy (MRE) and offshore wind (OSW) energy communities with access to information and scientific literature on the environmental effects of devices. Named after the Greek titaness of the sea, the goal of the Tethys database is to promote environmental stewardship and the advancement of the wind and marine renewable energy communities. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) in support of the US Department of Energy (DOE) [Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (Wind and Water Power Technologies Office)] . Tethys hosts information and activities associated with two international collaborations known as Annex IV and WREN,

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Solar water heating

Solar water heating (SWH) is the conversion of sunlight into heat for water heating using a solar thermal collector. A variety of configurations are available in different climates and latitudes. SWHs are widely used for residential and some industrial applications. A sun-facing collector heats a working fluid that passes into a storage system for later use. SWH are active (pumped) and passive (convection-driven). They use water only, or both water and a working fluid. They are heated directly or via light-concentrating mirrors. They operate independently or as hybrids with electric or gas heaters. In large-scale facilities, mirrors can concentrate sunlight onto a smaller collector. The global solar thermal market is dominated by China, Europe, Japan and India,

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Solar thermal energy

Solar thermal energy (STE) is a form of energy and a technology for energy saving and energy generation for residential and commercial sectors.

Solar thermal collectors are classified by the United States Energy Information Administration as low-, medium-, or high-temperature collectors. Low-temperature collectors are unglazed and used to heat swimming pools or to heat ventilation air. Medium-temperature collectors are usually used for heating water or air for residential and commercial use. High-temperature collectors concentrate sunlight using mirrors or lenses and is used for up to 300 deg C / 20 bar pressure in industries, and for electric power production. Two categories include Concentrated Solar Thermal (CST) for heat and energy, and Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) when heat is used for power generation. CST and CSP are not applicable. The largest facilities are located in the American Mojave Desert of California and Nevada. These plants employ a variety of different technologies. The largest examples include Ivanpah Solar Power Facility (377 MW), Solar Energy Generating Systems (354 MW), and Crescent Dunes (110 MW). Spain is the other major developer of solar thermal power plant. The largest examples include Solnova Solar Power Station (150 MW), Andasol Solar Power Station (150 MW) and Extresol Solar Power Station (100 MW). Spain is the other major developer of solar thermal power plant. The largest examples include Solnova Solar Power Station (150 MW), Andasol Solar Power Station (150 MW) and Extresol Solar Power Station (100 MW). Spain is the other major developer of solar thermal power plant. The largest examples include Solnova Solar Power Station (150 MW), Andasol Solar Power Station (150 MW) and Extresol Solar Power Station (100 MW).

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Solar thermal collector

A solar thermal collector heat by absorbing sunlight. The term “solar collector” commonly refers to solar hot water panels, but may refer to such facilities as solar parabolic troughs and solar towers; or basic installations such as solar air heaters. Concentrated solar power plants usually have a more complex flow of electricity to a turbine connected to an electrical generator. Simple collectors are typically used in residential and commercial buildings for space heating. The first solar thermal collector was designed by William H. Goettl and called “Solar heat collector and radiator for building roof”.

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Solar power by country

Many nations have had significant energy sources of electricity and energy sources. Solar power plants use one of two technologies: By the end of 2016, cumulative photovoltaic capacity increased by more than 75 gigawatts (GW) and reached at least 303 GW, sufficient to supply 1.8 percent of the world’s total electricity consumption. The top installers of 2016 were China, the United States, and India. There are more than 24 countries around the world with a cumulative PV capacity of more than one gigawatt. Austria, Chile, and South Africa, 2016. The available solar PV capacity in Honduras is now sufficient to supply 12.5% ​​of the nation’s electrical power while Italy, Germany and Greece can produce between 7% and 8% of their respective domestic electricity consumption. After an almost two decade long hiatus, the deployment of CSP resumed in 2007. However, the design for several new projects is being changed to cheaper photovoltaics. Most operational CSP stations are located in Spain and the United States, while large solar farms are being developed. As of January 2017, the largest solar power plants in the world are the 850 MW Longyangxia Dam Solar Park in China for PV and the 377 MW Ivanpah Solar Power Facility in the United States for CSP. Most operational CSP stations are located in Spain and the United States, while large solar farms are being developed. As of January 2017, the largest solar power plants in the world are the 850 MW Longyangxia Dam Solar Park in China for PV and the 377 MW Ivanpah Solar Power Facility in the United States for CSP. Most operational CSP stations are located in Spain and the United States, while large solar farms are being developed. As of January 2017, the largest solar power plants in the world are the 850 MW Longyangxia Dam Solar Park in China for PV and the 377 MW Ivanpah Solar Power Facility in the United States for CSP.

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Solar power

Many industrialized nations have increased their capacity for solar energy by increasing their energy consumption. Long distance transmission allows remote renewable energy resources to displace fossil fuel consumption. Solar power plants use one of two technologies:

A solar cell, or photovoltaic cell (PV), is a device that converts light into an electric current using the photovoltaic effect. The first solar cell was constructed by Charles Fritts in the 1880s. The German industrialist Ernst Werner von Siemens was the one who recognized the importance of this discovery. In 1931, the German engineer Bruno Lange developed a photo cell using silver selenide in place of copper oxide, the prototype selenium cells converted less than 1% of incident light into electricity. Following the work of Russell Ohl in the 1940s, Gerald Pearson, Calvin Fuller and Daryl Chapin researchers created the silicon solar cell in 1954. These early solar cells cost 286 USD / watt and reach efficiencies of 4.5-6%.

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Solar cooker

A solar cooker is a device which uses the energy of direct sunlight to heat, cook or pasteurise drink. Many solar cookers are currently relatively inexpensive, low-tech devices, but they are as powerful as traditional stoves, and advanced, large-scale solar cookers can cook for hundreds of people. They are in the process of reducing the risk of pollution, and they are in a position to reduce their costs (particularly where monetary reciprocity is low) and air pollution, and to slow down the deforestation and desertification caused by gathering firewood for cooking.

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Solar air conditioning

Solar air conditioning refers to any air conditioning (cooling) system that uses solar power. This can be done through passive solar, solar thermal energy conversion and photovoltaic conversion (sunlight to electricity). The US Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 created a new generation of solar energy and a new generation of solar energy. Solar air conditioning could play an increasing role in zero-energy and energy-more buildings design.

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Small hydro

Small hydro is the devel opment of hydroelectric power. The definition of a small hydro project varies, but a generating capacity of 1 to 20 megawatts (MW) is common. In contrast, the three Gorges Dam is 22,500 megawatts or the vast multiple projects of the Tennessee Valley Authority. In India, hydro projects up to 25 MW station capacities have been categorized as Small Hydro Power (SHP) projects. Small hydro projects may be built in isolated areas that would be a national economic grid, or where a national grid does not exist.

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Sludge incineration

Sludge incineration (German: Klärschlammverbrennung, Chinese: 污泥 焚烧 发))) is a sludge treatment process It generates thermal energy from sewage sludge produced in sewage treatment plants. The process is in operation in Germany where Klärschlammverbrennung GmbH in Hamburg incinerates 1.3m tons of sludge annually. The process has been trialed in China, where it has been qualified as an environmental investment project. However, the energy balance of the process is not as high as sludge needs drying before incinerating. Sewage sludge can be incinerated in mono-incineration or co-inceneration plants. In co-inceneration, sewage sludge is not the only fuel and it can be processed at coal fired power plants, cement plants and some incineration facility.

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Seaweed fuel

Seaweed oil or seaweed oil is an alternative to liquid fossil fuels that uses seaweed as its source of energy-rich oils. Like fossil fuel, seaweed fuel releases when burnt, but unlike fossil fuel, algae fuel and other biofuels only released recently removed from the atmosphere via photosynthesis as the seaweed or plant grew. Seaweed does not require fresh water and can be grown in the sea.

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Res4Med

Renewable Energy Solutions for the Mediterranean (RES4MED) is a non-profit association established in 2012. The goal of this association is to promote renewable energy in the Southern and Eastern Mediterranean countries in order to satisfy local needs. RES4MED is in the following key areas:

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Renewable natural gas

Renewable Natural Gas (RNG), also known as Sustainable Natural Gas (SNG) or biomethane, is a biogas which has been upgraded to a higher carbon content and has a methane concentration of 90% or greater. A biogas is a gaseous form of methane obtained from biomass. By upgrading the quality of natural gas, it becomes possible to distribute to customers through the existing gas grid within existing appliances. Renewable natural gas is a subset of synthetic natural gas or natural gas substitutes (SNG). Renewable natural gas can be produced economically and distributed through the existing gas grid, making it an attractive means of supplying existing facilities with renewable energy and renewable energy, while requiring no extra capital outlay of the customer. Renewable natural gas can be converted into natural gas (LNG) for direct use as fuel in transport sector. LNG would be fetch good price equivalent to gasoline or diesel as it can replace these fuels in the transport sector. The existing gas network allows the distribution of energy over vast distances and a minimal cost in energy. Existing networks would allow biogas to be sourced from remote markets that are rich in low-cost biomass (Russia or Scandinavia for example). The UK National Grid believes that at least 15% of all gas is consumed by such foods, food waste, such as food and food waste. In the US, analysis conducted in 2011 by the Gas Technology Institute in the United States of America. Btu annually, being able to meet the requirements of 50% of American homes. In combination with power-to-gas, the carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide fraction of biogas is converted to methane using electrolyzed hydrogen, the renewable gas potential of biogas is approximately doubled. Many ways of methanizing carbon dioxide / monoxide and hydrogen exist, including biomethanation, the sabatier process and a new electrochemical process in the United States currently undergoing trials. In combination with power-to-gas, the carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide fraction of biogas is converted to methane using electrolyzed hydrogen, the renewable gas potential of biogas is approximately doubled. Many ways of methanizing carbon dioxide / monoxide and hydrogen exist, including biomethanation, the sabatier process and a new electrochemical process in the United States currently undergoing trials. In combination with power-to-gas, the carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide fraction of biogas is converted to methane using electrolyzed hydrogen, the renewable gas potential of biogas is approximately doubled. Many ways of methanizing carbon dioxide / monoxide and hydrogen exist, including biomethanation, the sabatier process and a new electrochemical process in the United States currently undergoing trials.

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Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation

The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is published on May 9, 2011. The report is under the leadership of Ottmar Edenhofer evaluates the global potential for renewable energy. mitigate climate change. This IPCC Special Report provides broader coverage of renewable energy than was included in the IPCC’s 2007 climate change assessment report. Renewable energy can contribute to “social and economic development, energy access, secure energy supply, climate change mitigation, and the reduction of negative environmental and health impacts”. Under favorable circumstances, cost savings in comparison to non-renewable energy use exist.

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Renewable energy sculpture

A renewable energy sculpture is a source of power, such as solar, wind, geothermal, hydroelectric or tidal. Such a sculpture is functionally both a renewable energy generator and an artwork, fulfilling utilitarian, aesthetic, and cultural functions. Patrick Marold, Elena Paroucheva, architects Laurie Chetwood and Nicholas Grimshaw the Land Art Generator Initiative. Echoing the philosophy of the environmental art movement as a whole, the artists of the world of renewable energies, who believe that their aesthetics is inextricably linked to their ecological function.

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Renewable energy in Turkey

Turkey is one of the richest countries in the world. For geothermal energy Turkey is ranked first in Europe and seventh in the world. Increased Energy Efficiency in Africa in 2015 to 4503MW in 2015. Turkey has a national renewable energy action plan, published in 2014 by the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources. Turkey’s renewable energy capacity of 24 gigawatts in 2013 is projected to reach 39 gigawatts in 2020. The World Bank has announced a $ 350 million credit to support the financing of renewable energy projects in Turkey.

Solar energy potential in Turkey is 977,000 (TWh / year) from which 6105 (TWh / year) is technically possible. However, 305 (TWh / year) is economic potential.Wind energy technical potential is 290 TWh / year. Grid parity for the solar is forecast for 2018

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Renewable energy in France

Under the heading of a renewable energy directive, France has a target of producing 23% of its total energy needs from renewable energy by 2020. of the electricity sector and 10.5% of the transport sector’s demand. By the end of 2014, 14.3% of France’s total energy requirements came from renewable energy, a rise from 9.6% in 2005. The outlook for renewable energy in France was boosted by the publication in October 2016 of the “Multiannual programming of the energy “, showing a commitment to re-balancing the electricity mix towards renewables. According to the report, renewable electricity is planned to grow from 41 GW in 2014 to between 71 and 78 GW by 2023. Historically the electricity sector in France has been dominated by the country’s longstanding commitment to nuclear power. However, the report emphasizes that by 2025 more than half of France’s nuclear power capacity will be 40 years or older. Thus, there is a need to look at other sources, including renewables, to meet the future generating capacity shortfall. A key component of France’s renewable energy target, particularly for buildings and thermal insulation. The renewable targets are targeted to stimulate new trades and changes to existing trades to enable green growth. The EPP plan targets the reduction of the consumption of primary fossil energy by 22% in 2023 from 2012 levels (reference scenario) or a fallback scenario of an 11% reduction under favorable conditions (variant scenario). In terms of the reduction in primary consumption, petroleum products are targeted at fall by 23% between 2012 and 2023 (reference scenario) or 9.5% (variant scenario), gas by 16% (9% variant scenario) and coal by 37% ( 30% variant scenario). In the transport sector, France has a range of initiatives designed to promote renewable energy use and increase efficiency. These include changing transport behavior, such as a target of 10% of tele-worked days by 2030 to reduce consumption. By 2023, the country has 2.4 million rechargeable electric and hybrid vehicles, and 3% of NGV heavy duty vehicles. Biofuels blended with petrol are set for 1.8% in 2018 and 3.4% in 2023, and for diesel 1% in 2018 and 2.3% in 2023. By 2030, non-road freight transport is targeted to reach 20% of all goods. Initiatives to increase walking and cycling are also being undertaken. Car pooling and digital services will be promoted to increase the number of passengers in the public service and to the number of passengers.

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Renewable energy debate

There is a renewable energy debate on the constraints and opportunities associated with the use of renewable energy. Renewable electricity production, from sources such as wind power and solar power, is sometimes criticized for being variable or intermittent. However, the International Energy Agency has stated that its significance depends on a range of factors, such as the penetration of the renewables concerned. There have been concerns about the visual and other impacts of some wind farms, with local residents either fighting or blocking construction. In the USA, the Massachusetts Cape Wind project has been delayed for many years. However, residents in other areas have been more positive and there are many examples of community wind farm developments. According to a town council, the overwhelming majority of locals believe that the Ardrossan Wind Farm in Scotland has enhanced the area. The market for renewable energy technologies has continued to grow. Climate change concerns, coupled with high oil prices, rising oil, and rising government support, incentives and marketing. New government spending, regulation and policies helped the industry weather the economic crisis. are driving increasing renewable energy legislation, incentives and marketing. New government spending, regulation and policies helped the industry weather the economic crisis. are driving increasing renewable energy legislation, incentives and marketing. New government spending, regulation and policies helped the industry weather the economic crisis.

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Renewable Energy Certificate (United States)

Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs), also known as Green Tags, Renewable Energy Credits, Renewable Electricity Certificates, or Tradable Renewable Certificates (TRCs), are tradable, non-tangible energy commodities in the United States that represent proof that 1 megawatt-hour ( MWh) is a renewable energy source (renewable energy) and has been fed into the shared system of power lines which transport energy. Solar renewable energy certificates (SRECs) are RECs that are specifically generated by solar energy. Renewable Energy Certificates provide a mechanism for the purchase of renewable energy. The updated Greenhouse Gas Protocol Scope 2 Guidance Guarantees of Origin, RECs and I-RECs as mainstream instruments for documenting and tracking electricity from sources. These certificates can be sold and traded or bartered, and the owner of the renewable energy. According to the US Department of Energy’s Green Power Network, RECs represent the environmental attributes of the power produced by renewable energy projects and are sold separately from commodity electricity. RECO is a renewable incentive for renewable energy sources. A green energy provider (such as a wind farm) is credited with one REC for every 1, 000 kWh or 1 MWh of electricity it produces (for reference, an average residential customer consumes about 800 kWh in a month). A certifying agency gives each REC a unique identification number to make sure it does not get double-counted. The green energy is then fed into the electrical grid (by mandate), and the accompanying REC can be sold on the open market. “Retirement occurs when a Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) is used by the owner of the REC, may be not limited to, (1) use of the REC by an end-use customer, marketer, generator (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) A public claim associated with a purchase of RECs by an end-of-use customer, or (3) REC is retired, donated, or transferred to any other party. No party other than the owner may make claims associated with retired RECs. “Energy from any grid-tied source is bought and sold by contracts specifying the generator and purchaser. The majority of RECs are consumed from the electricity itself, and are widely used in the field of electricity and electricity. In these cases, the electricity is sold as “null” energy without its environmental and social benefits, as if it was generated by non-renewable resources such as coal or natural gas. When RECs are purchased in combination with non-renewable electricity. This is how the grid is connected to renewable energy is traded in the US Grid-connected renewable energy is used by their companies to meet their environmental requirements. RECs allow for purchasers to support renewable energy generation and allow the economic forces of supply and demand for renewable energy. Grid-connected renewable energy is used by their utilities and their environmental requirements. RECs allow for purchasers to support renewable energy generation and allow the economic forces of supply and demand for renewable energy. Grid-connected renewable energy is used by their utilities and their environmental requirements. RECs allow for purchasers to support renewable energy generation and allow the economic forces of supply and demand for renewable energy.

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Renewable Energy Certificate (United States)

Renewable Energy Certificates (RECs), also known as Green Tags, Renewable Energy Credits, Renewable Electricity Certificates, or Tradable Renewable Certificates (TRCs), are tradable, non-tangible energy commodities in the United States that represent proof that 1 megawatt-hour ( MWh) is a renewable energy source (renewable energy) and has been fed into the shared system of power lines which transport energy. Solar renewable energy certificates (SRECs) are RECs that are specifically generated by solar energy. Renewable Energy Certificates provide a mechanism for the purchase of renewable energy. The updated Greenhouse Gas Protocol Scope 2 Guidance Guarantees of Origin, RECs and I-RECs as mainstream instruments for documenting and tracking electricity from sources. These certificates can be sold and traded or bartered, and the owner of the renewable energy. According to the US Department of Energy’s Green Power Network, RECs represent the environmental attributes of the power produced by renewable energy projects and are sold separately from commodity electricity. RECO is a renewable incentive for renewable energy sources. A green energy provider (such as a wind farm) is credited with one REC for every 1, 000 kWh or 1 MWh of electricity it produces (for reference, an average residential customer consumes about 800 kWh in a month). A certifying agency gives each REC a unique identification number to make sure it does not get double-counted. The green energy is then fed into the electrical grid (by mandate), and the accompanying REC can be sold on the open market. “Retirement occurs when a Renewable Energy Certificate (REC) is used by the owner of the REC, may be not limited to, (1) use of the REC by an end-use customer, marketer, generator (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) A public claim associated with a purchase of RECs by an end-of-use customer, or (3) REC is retired, donated, or transferred to any other party. No party other than the owner may make claims associated with retired RECs. “Energy from any grid-tied source is bought and sold by contracts specifying the generator and purchaser. The majority of RECs are consumed from the electricity itself, and are widely used in the field of electricity and electricity. In these cases, the electricity is sold as “null” energy without its environmental and social benefits, as if it was generated by non-renewable resources such as coal or natural gas. When RECs are purchased in combination with non-renewable electricity. This is how the grid is connected to renewable energy is traded in the US Grid-connected renewable energy is used by their companies to meet their environmental requirements. RECs allow for purchasers to support renewable energy generation and allow the economic forces of supply and demand for renewable energy. Grid-connected renewable energy is used by their utilities and their environmental requirements. RECs allow for purchasers to support renewable energy generation and allow the economic forces of supply and demand for renewable energy. Grid-connected renewable energy is used by their utilities and their environmental requirements. RECs allow for purchasers to support renewable energy generation and allow the economic forces of supply and demand for renewable energy.

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Mining

Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, usually from an orebody, lode, vein, seam, reef or placer deposit. These deposits form a mineralized package that is of economic interest to the miner. Ores recovered by mining include metals, coal, oil shale, gemstones, limestone, chalk, stone dimension, salt rock, potash, gravel, and clay. Mining is required to obtain any material that can not be grown through agricultural processes, or artificially created in a laboratory or factory. Mining in a broader sense includes extraction of any non-renewable resource such as petroleum, natural gas, or even water. Mining of stones and metal has been a human activity since pre-historic times. Modern mining processes involving prospecting for ore bodies, analysis of the profit potential of a proposed mine, extraction of the desired materials, and final reclamation of the land after the mine is closed. From Re Metallica, Georgius Agricola, 1550, Book I, Para. 1 Mining operations usually creates a negative environmental impact, both during the mining activity and after the mine has closed. Hence, most of the world’s nations have passed to reduce the impact. Work safety has long been a concern, and modern practices have significantly improved safety in mines. Levels of metals recycling is generally low. Unless future end-of-life products are stepped up, some rare metals may become unavailable for a variety of consumer products. Due to the low recycling rates, some landfills now contain higher concentrations of metal than mines themselves. and final reclamation of the land after the mine is closed. From Re Metallica, Georgius Agricola, 1550, Book I, Para. 1 Mining operations usually creates a negative environmental impact, both during the mining activity and after the mine has closed. Hence, most of the world’s nations have passed to reduce the impact. Work safety has long been a concern, and modern practices have significantly improved safety in mines. Levels of metals recycling is generally low. Unless future end-of-life products are stepped up, some rare metals may become unavailable for a variety of consumer products. Due to the low recycling rates, some landfills now contain higher concentrations of metal than mines themselves. and final reclamation of the land after the mine is closed. From Re Metallica, Georgius Agricola, 1550, Book I, Para. 1 Mining operations usually creates a negative environmental impact, both during the mining activity and after the mine has closed. Hence, most of the world’s nations have passed to reduce the impact. Work safety has long been a concern, and modern practices have significantly improved safety in mines. Levels of metals recycling is generally low. Unless future end-of-life products are stepped up, some rare metals may become unavailable for a variety of consumer products. Due to the low recycling rates, some landfills now contain higher concentrations of metal than mines themselves. 1 Mining operations usually creates a negative environmental impact, both during the mining activity and after the mine has closed. Hence, most of the world’s nations have passed to reduce the impact. Work safety has long been a concern, and modern practices have significantly improved safety in mines. Levels of metals recycling is generally low. Unless future end-of-life products are stepped up, some rare metals may become unavailable for a variety of consumer products. Due to the low recycling rates, some landfills now contain higher concentrations of metal than mines themselves. 1 Mining operations usually creates a negative environmental impact, both during the mining activity and after the mine has closed. Hence, most of the world’s nations have passed to reduce the impact. Work safety has long been a concern, and modern practices have significantly improved safety in mines. Levels of metals recycling is generally low. Unless future end-of-life products are stepped up, some rare metals may become unavailable for a variety of consumer products. Due to the low recycling rates, some landfills now contain higher concentrations of metal than mines themselves. and modern practices have significantly improved safety in mines. Levels of metals recycling is generally low. Unless future end-of-life products are stepped up, some rare metals may become unavailable for a variety of consumer products. Due to the low recycling rates, some landfills now contain higher concentrations of metal than mines themselves. and modern practices have significantly improved safety in mines. Levels of metals recycling is generally low. Unless future end-of-life products are stepped up, some rare metals may become unavailable for a variety of consumer products. Due to the low recycling rates, some landfills now contain higher concentrations of metal than mines themselves.

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Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Partnership

The Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Partnership (REEEP) is a Vienna-based international organization (link in German) that advances markets for renewable energy and energy efficiency with a particular emphasis on emerging markets and developing countries. Its primary focus is on de-risking and scaling clean energy business models. REEEP was founded by the government of the United Kingdom, along with other partners, at the Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) in August 2002.

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Programme for Economic Advancement and Community Empowerment

Program for Economic Advancement and Community Empowerment (PEACE), is a four-year project funded by the European Union. and implemented by the Sarhad Rural Support Program (SRSP). It was launched in 2013 in all districts of Malakand Division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, namely, Swat, Shangla, Buner, Lower Dir, Upper Dir, Chitral and Malakand Agency.

The Program for Economic Advancement and Community Empowerment (PEACE) is worth € 40 million was signed between the Sarhad Rural Support Program (SRSP) and the European Union (EU). The project runs under the principles of financial sustainability and equitable sharing of benefits for the community for social development purposes.

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Power-to-Heat

Power-to-Heat (abbreviation PtH or P2H). This can be done with conventional electric heaters and heat pump systems. With PtH systems, the excess power can be used. Hence fossil energy sources and emissions in the heating area could be saved. In contrast to simple electric heating systems, such as, When there are excess energy the heat production can be used. In order to increase flexibility power-to-heat systems are often coupled with heat accumulators. The power supply occurs for the most part in the local and district heating networks. Power-to-heat systems are also able to supply buildings or industrial systems with heat.

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Passive solar building design

In passive solar building design, windows, walls, and floors are made to collect, store, reflect, and distribute solar energy in the form of heat in the winter and reject solar heat in the summer. This is called passive solar design because, unlike active solar heating systems, it does not involve the use of mechanical and electrical devices. The key to design a passive solar building is a better place for the local climate and an accurate site analysis. Thermal insulation, thermal insulation, thermal mass, and shading. Passive solar design techniques can be applied easily to new buildings, but existing buildings can be adapted or “retrofitted”.

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Off-the-grid

Off-the-grid is a system and lifestyle designed to help people with a remote network, such as an electrical grid. In electricity, off-grid can be a stand-alone power system or mini-grids typically to provide a smaller community with electricity. Off-grid electrification is an approach to access electricity used in countries and areas with little access to electricity, due to scattered or remote population. The term off-the-grid (OTG) can refer to living in a self-sufficient way of reliance on one or more public utilities. Namely the electrical grid. People who adopt this lifestyle are called off-gridders. Off-the-grid homes to achieve autonomy; they do not rely on one or more of municipal water supply, sewer, gas, electrical power grid, or similar utility services. A common misconception is that a true off-grid house is able to operate completely independently of all traditional public utility services. Although this is not the case. The term “off the grid” traditionally refers to the electrical grid only.

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Nuclear power proposed as renewable energy

Nuclear power is considered a form of low-carbon power, its legal inclusion In the United States, the status of nuclear energy is generally high, with significant exceptions in the states of Utah, and in the United States, where a particular implementation of nuclear fission with “waste” / fuel recycling meets the criteria. Sur le texte de la source de l’énergie et de l’énergie de l’énergie. The most common fuel used in nuclear power stations, uranium-235 is “non-renewable” According to the Energy Information Administration, the MOX fuel is one of the MOX fuel. Similarly, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory does not mention nuclear power in its “energy basics” definition. In 1987, the Brundtland Commission (WCED) classified fission reactors that produce more nuclear fuel than they consume (breeder reactors, and if developed, fusion power). The American Petroleum Institute, likewise, does not consider that it is a nuclear reactor, but that it is considered renewable and sustainable, and that it should be considered that it is a concern for millennia. the waste of efficiently burnt up. The monitoring and storage of radioactive waste is also required on the use of other renewable energy sources, such as geothermal energy.

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Nigeria Renewable Energy Master Plan

The Nigeria Renewable Energy Master Plan (REMP) is a policy of implementation of the Renewable Energy Master Plan for Nigerian energy consumption. 2006 with Support from the UNDP.

The Renewable Energy Master Plan (REMP) articulates Nigeria’s vision and sets out a road map for increasing the role of renewable energy in sustainable development The policy primarily addresses Nigeria’s need for increased electricity supply, improved grid reliability and security.

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National Solar Conference and World Renewable Energy Forum 2012

National Solar Conference and World Renewable Energy Forum 2012 is an academic / scientific conference combined with a solar industry trade exhibition, to be held at the Denver Convention Center in Colorado, May 13 to 19, 2012. It’s organized jointly by the American Solar Energy Society , the World Renewable Energy Network, the International Solar Energy Society, the Colorado Renewable Energy Society, and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The Conference incorporates the 41st annual National Solar Energy Conference, the 37th National Passive Solar Energy Conference, the 7th ASES Policy and Marketing Conference, and the Renewable Energy Products and Services Exhibition. The Chair is Chuck Kutscher, Ph.D., a senior engineer at the National Renewable Energy Lab.

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National Clean Energy Business Plan Competition

The National Clean Energy Business Plan Competition (NCEBPC) is a US Department of Energy (DOE) program in six regions in the United States in Building Technologies, Advanced Manufacturing, Vehicle Technologies, Federal Energy Management Program, Weather and Intergovernmental, Biomass Program, Geothermal Technologies, Fuel Cells Technologies, Solar Energy Technologies and Wind and Hydropower Technologies, as recognized by the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy.

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Microbial fuel cell

A microbial fuel cell (MFC), a biological fuel cell, is a bio-electrochemical system that utilizes a bacterial interactions between bacteria and bacteria. MFCs can be grouped into two general categories: mediated and unmediated. The first MFCs, demonstrated in the early 20th century, used to mediator a chemical that transfers electrons from the bacteria in the cell to the anode. Unmediated MFCs emerged in the 1970s; In this type of cytokromes, these molecules typically have electrochemically active redox proteins such as cytochromes that can be transferred electronically directly to the anode. In the 21st century, MFCs started to work in wastewater treatment.

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Micro combined heat and power

Micro combined heat and power or micro-CHP or mCHP is an extension of the idea of ​​cogeneration to the single / multi family home or small office building in the range of up to 50 kW. Local generation has the potential for a higher efficiency than traditional grid-level generators since it lacks the 8-10% energy losses of transporting electricity over long distances. It also lacks the 10-15% energy losses of heat transfer in the district heating networks due to the difference between the thermal energy carrier (hot water) and the colder external environment. The most common systems use their primary source of energy and emit carbon dioxide.

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Draft:MD Energy Converter

MD Energy is a device for the conversion of wave energy into electrical energy. It is a point that absorbs which transforms the vertical motion of the circular floating buoy due to waves into electrical energy. Sigma Energy is a company that was established in 2008 in order to develop and deploy energy conversion technology. Company is privately owned by Mile Dragić, head engineer of the project.

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Market transformation

Market transformation describes both a policy objective and a program strategy to promote the value and self-sustaining presence of energy-efficient technologies in the marketplace. It is a strategic process of market intervention that aims at altering market behavior by means of barriers and leveraging opportunities to further the internalisation of cost-effective energy efficiency. Market transformation has rapidly become the objective of many privately and publicly funded energy efficiency programs in the United States and other countries.

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Kitepower

Kitepower is a registered trade mark of the Dutch company Enevate BV developing mobile airborne wind power systems. Kitepower was founded in 2016 by Johannes Peschel and Roland Schmehl as a commercial spin-off from the Delft University of Technology’s astronaut Wubbo Ockels. The company is located in Delft, Netherlands, and currently includes 18 employees (2018).

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Renewable Energy (journal)

Renewable Energy is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering renewable energy research, sustainable energy and the energy transition. It is published by Elsevier and the editor-in-chief is Kalogirou SA (Cyprus University of Technology). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2016 impact factor of 4.357.

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Human power

Human power is work or energy that is produced from the human body. It can also refer to the power of a human. Power comes primarily from muscles, but body heat is also used in the home. World records of power performance by people are of interest to work planners and work-process engineers. The average level of human power can be maintained over a certain period of time. Human power is occasionally used to generate energy for batteries in the wilderness.

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Home Power

Home Power is a bi-monthly American magazine. It is based in Ashland, Oregon. Traffic is greater than 100,000. Published since 1987, Home Power has promoted the use of fossil fuels for electricity generation. Solar, wind, and hydro systems information is covered at a homeowner’s do-it-yourself level with expert advice and examples. Home Power also promotes and presents information on efficient energy building and design practices. Electric vehicle information is also featured and its integration with renewable electricity systems and solar panels.

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Güssing

Güssing (,) is a town in Burgenland, Austria. It is located at, with a population of 3,811 (2011), and is the administrative center of the Güssing district.

The Güssing Castle, built in 1157, is the oldest castle in Burgenland and a regional landmark. The lords of Güssing (in Hungarian: Kőszeg, in Slovak: Kysak) were a noble family in the frontier region of Austria and the Kingdom of Hungary. Note that Kőszeg is the name of a nearby Hungarian town (known as Güns in German) to which the family moved its residence from Güssing in 1274. In 1522, it became the residence of the Batthyány family, one of the most distinguished Magnate families in Hungary.

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Gulf Stream

The Gulf Stream, together with its northern Atlantic Drift, is a warm Atlantic Ocean current that originates in the Gulf of Mexico and stretches to the tip of Florida, and follows the eastern coastlines of the United States and Newfoundland before crossing the Atlantic Ocean. The process of western intensification causes the Gulf Stream to be a Northward Accelerating Current of the East Coast of North America. North Atlantic Drift, crossing to Northern Europe and the southern stream, the Canary Current, recirculating off West Africa. The Gulf Stream influences the climate of the east coast of North America from Florida to Newfoundland, and the west coast of Europe. Although there has been recent debate, There is no doubt that the climate of Western Europe and Northern Europe is warmer than it would otherwise be to the North Atlantic drift which is the northeastern section of the Gulf Stream. It is part of the North Atlantic Gyre. Its presence in the development of strong cyclones of all types, both within the atmosphere and within the ocean. The Gulf Stream is also a significant source of renewable energy generation. The Gulf Stream may be slowing down as a result of climate change. The Gulf Stream is typically 100 kilometers (62 mi) wide and 800 meters (2,600 ft) to 1,200 meters (3,900 ft) deep. The current velocity is fastest, with the maximum speed typically about 2.5 meters per second (5.6 mph).

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Gristmill

A gristmill (also: grist mill, corn mill or flour mill) grinds grain into flour. The term can refer to both the grinding mechanism and the building that holds it.

The Greek geographer Strabo reports in his Geography of a water-powered grain-mill to the Mithradates VI Eupator at Cabira, Minor Asia, before 71 BC. The early mills had horizontal paddle wheels, which was known as “Norse wheel”, as many were found in Scandinavia. The paddle wheel was attached to a shaft which was in turn, attached to the center of the millstone called the “runner stone”. The turning force produced by the water on the paddles was directly on the runner stone, causing it to grind against a stationary “bed”, a stone of a similar size and shape. This simple arrangement has not been necessary, but had the disadvantage that the speed of rotation was only suitable for use in mountainous regions with fast-flowing streams. This dependence on the speed of rotation is highly variable and the optimum growth rate is not maintained. Vertical wheels were used in the Roman Empire by the end of the first century BC, and these were described by Vitruvius. The peak of Roman technology is likely to have a 19-meter waterfall, giving an estimated 2.4 tonnes to 3.2 tons per hour. Water mills seem to remain in use during the post-Roman period, and by 1000 AD, mills in Europe were rarely more than a few miles apart. In England, the Domesday Survey of 1086 gives a precise count of England’s water-powered flour mills: there were 5,624, or about one for every 300 inhabitants, and this was probably typical throughout western and southern Europe. From this time onward, water wheels began to be used for other than grist milling. In England, the number of mills in operation followed growth population, and peaked at around 17,000 by 1300. Limited extant examples of gristmills can be found in Europe from the High Middle Ages. An extant well-preserved waterwheel and gristmill on the Ebro River in Spain is associated with the Real Monasterio de Nuestra Senora de Rueda, built by the Cistercian Monks in 1202. The Cistercians were known for their use of this technology in Western Europe in the period 1100 to 1350. Geared gristmills were also built in the medieval Near East and North Africa, which were used for grinding grain and other seeds to produce meals. Gristmills in the Islamic world were powered by both water and wind. The first wind-powered gristmills were built in the 9th and 10th centuries in Afghanistan, Pakistan and Iran.

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Grid balancing

Grid balancing has become an important aspect for the power grid in matching the supply of energy to demand. In recent years, it has become more predictable with more energy being installed in the grid. This time of day, when it is windy, but there is no demand. In Scotland this has been paid off, most recently over $ 6m in the past. Constraint payments are made to other electricity suppliers as well as wind. In 2011/2012, the National Grid in the UK totaled £ 324 million of which £ 31 million went to wind. In 2012/2013, thanks to improved transmission capabilities, they were £ 130 million of which only £ 7 million were for wind. This invention could alternatively be used in the electrolysis of water to make high purity hydrogen fuel used in fuel cells. In areas with a small hydroelectricity, the pumped storage systems such as the Dinorwig Power Station can allow the energy to be used for operational reserve or at times of peak demand rather than a natural gas peaking power plant.

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Green Illusions

Green Illusions: The Dirty Secrets of Clean Energy and the Future of Environmentalism (), by Ozzie Zehner, was published in 2012 by the University of Nebraska Press. It discusses various approaches to “clean energy”, and why they do not provide the desired benefits. In successive chapters, it discusses solar cells, wind power, biofuels, nuclear power, hydrogen power, coal power, hydropower, alternative energy, green investment, population control, energy consumption, architecture, carbon taxes, environmental education. The author writes: “We do not have an energy crisis. Writing in the Huffington Post, Tom Zeller Jr. calls the author a provocateur. He quotes Chris Meehan, who called his view of photovoltaics “alarmist” and “misleading”, and he quotes Nick Chambers, who called his view of electric vehicles “ridiculous”. However, Zeller writes that Zehner cites “2010 lifecycle analysis” by the National Academy of Sciences as a basis for evaluating the “aggregate environmental damage” from an electric car. Writing for the Tyee, Justin Ritchie points to a fundamental question: “In a world of limited decisions, is it really smart to subsidize marginally effective mitigation strategies of our car culture, suburbia and overpopulation without addressing root causes?” All copies of the book in the United States have been self-censored due to food laws that allow the food industry to sue and criticize their products. by the National Academy of Sciences as a basis for evaluating the “aggregate environmental damage” from an electric car. Writing for the Tyee, Justin Ritchie points to a fundamental question: “In a world of limited decisions, is it really smart to subsidize marginally effective mitigation strategies of our car culture, suburbia and overpopulation without addressing root causes?” All copies of the book in the United States have been self-censored due to food laws that allow the food industry to sue and criticize their products. by the National Academy of Sciences as a basis for evaluating the “aggregate environmental damage” from an electric car. Writing for the Tyee, Justin Ritchie points to a fundamental question: “In a world of limited decisions, is it really smart to subsidize marginally effective mitigation strategies of our car culture, suburbia and overpopulation without addressing root causes?” All copies of the book in the United States have been self-censored due to food laws that allow the food industry to sue and criticize their products.

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GREEN Cell Shipping

The GREEN cell shipping concept is a new concept for powering merchant ships using containerized power units and a global logistics chain to manage these containers. GREEN cell stands for Global Renewable Electrical Energy Network cell. ABB Group has been working on the concept of an ABB Group, which took place on March 13, 2009 in Oslo, Norway. The concept was extended in ABB magazine, and remains under development, as part of an open innovation process.

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Glidden Doman

Glidden Doman (January 28, 1921 – June 6, 2016) was an American aeronautical engineer and pioneer in helicopters and modern wind turbines. He founded one of America’s original six helicopter companies (Doman Helicopters, Inc.) after making major contributions to the use of Sikorsky helicopters during World War II. Doman Helicopters’ most prominent achievement was the Doman LZ-5 / YH-31 eight-seat helicopter, which received FAA certification on December 30, 1955. The unique feature of this helicopter was its hinge-less gimbaled, tilting rotor hub that greatly reduced stress and vibration in the blades and in the helicopter. Doman was one of the first to transfer knowledge of helicopter rotor dynamics technology to wind turbines. The 1973 Arab oil embargo prompted NASA Glenn Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio to lead a 7-year US wind energy program for the development of utility-scale horizontal axis wind turbines. This program featured the creation of Boeing’s MOD-2 with the Doman conceived flexible rotor design, two-bladed wind turbine with a teeter hinge. Following the NASA project, while working for Boeing, Hamilton Standard division of United Technologies, and Aeritalia in Italy, Doman developed large two-bladed, teeter-hinged wind turbines, including the WTS-3, WTS-4 , and the Gamma 60. After testing the Gamma 60 in Sardinia for 7 years, Doman and Italian nuclear mechanical engineer Silvestro Caruso founded Gamma Ventures, Inc. to further develop and market this technology. Gamma Ventures, subsequently invested and licensed to Seawind of the Netherlands, to commercialize the same two-bladed, teeter-hinge wind turbine concept. Doman, along with noted German-born aerospace engineer Kurt Hohenemser (a partner and confidant of the well-known German airplane and helicopter designer Anton Flettner), maintained that a flexible two-bladed helicopter type wind turbine rotor design that is compliant with the forces This type of wind turbine is a type of wind turbine that, by design, can only be constructed to resist the forces of nature. Two of Doman’s helicopters, the converted Sikorsky R-6 (Doman LZ-1A) and a Doman LZ-5 / YH-31, are on display at the New England Air Museum in Windsor Locks, Connecticut. along with noted German-born aerospace engineer Kurt Hohenemser (a partner and confidant of the well-known German airplane and helicopter designer Anton Flettner), maintained that a flexible two-bladed helicopter type wind turbine rotor design that is compliant with the forces of nature This type of wind turbine is more suitable for the production of standard wind turbine than rotors, which, by design, can only be constructed to resist the forces of nature. Two of Doman’s helicopters, the converted Sikorsky R-6 (Doman LZ-1A) and a Doman LZ-5 / YH-31, are on display at the New England Air Museum in Windsor Locks, Connecticut. along with noted German-born aerospace engineer Kurt Hohenemser (a partner and confidant of the well-known German airplane and helicopter designer Anton Flettner), maintained that a flexible two-bladed helicopter type wind turbine rotor design that is compliant with the forces of nature This type of wind turbine is more suitable for the production of standard wind turbine than rotors, which, by design, can only be constructed to resist the forces of nature. Two of Doman’s helicopters, the converted Sikorsky R-6 (Doman LZ-1A) and a Doman LZ-5 / YH-31, are on display at the New England Air Museum in Windsor Locks, Connecticut. A flexible two-bladed helicopter type wind turbine rotor design that is compliant with the forces of nature wind turbine rotors that, by design, can only be constructed to resist the forces of nature. Two of Doman’s helicopters, the converted Sikorsky R-6 (Doman LZ-1A) and a Doman LZ-5 / YH-31, are on display at the New England Air Museum in Windsor Locks, Connecticut. A flexible two-bladed helicopter type wind turbine rotor design that is compliant with the forces of nature wind turbine rotors that, by design, can only be constructed to resist the forces of nature. Two of Doman’s helicopters, the converted Sikorsky R-6 (Doman LZ-1A) and a Doman LZ-5 / YH-31, are on display at the New England Air Museum in Windsor Locks, Connecticut.

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The Fourth Revolution: Energy

The Fourth Revolution: Energy, also known as ‘Die 4. Revolution – Energy Autonomy’, is a German documentary about renewable energy by Carl-A. Fechner, released in 2010. It’s a vision for a global society that obtains 100% of its energy from renewable sources and the complete reconstruction of the economy. Production took four years and was financed by individuals. Nobel Peace Prize laureate Muhammed Yunus through micro-credit, to the vision of the Right Livelihood Award laureate Hermann Scheer of Eurosolar, to modern businesses working in the renewable energy sector. The film launched in cinemas in Germany March 18, 2010 and had its US premiere at the San Francisco Green Film Festival in March 2011. In the German trailer to the film, the revolution in capitalist ownership of energy resources is stressed; Hermann Scheer says that “instead of a few owners we will have hundreds of thousands …” and “energy supply will be democratized”. The film embodies the philosophy of Hermann Scheer, who died in 2010.

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Fee and dividend

Fee and Dividend Gold Carbon Fee and Dividend (CF & D) is a market-based mechanism for reducing carbon emissions. Carbon Fee and Dividend begins with a progressive-rising tax on carbon-based fuels, then returning to the public as a regular energy dividend. This is intended to incentivize a shift to low-carbon energy while protecting consumers from the costs of carbon-based fuels. Designed to maintain or improve economic viability while speeding up the transition to a sustainable energy economy, the Carbon Fee and Dividend has been proposed as an alternative

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European Biomass Association

The European Biomass Association (AEBIOM, from the official French name European Association for Biomass) is a European trade association open to national biomass associations and bioenergy companies active in Europe. AEBIOM was founded in 1990 under the leadership of the French senator Michel Souplet with the objective to promote biomass production and application throughout Europe. AEBIOM is the umbrella organization of the European Pellet Council (EPC), and the International Biomass Torrefaction Council (IBTC).

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EnergyBus

EnergyBus is an open standard for the integration of and communication between electric components of light electric vehicles based on DC. It includes standards for both a communications and power distribution bus and a corresponding connector system. Data transmission is based on CAN bus, specifically CANopen. EnergyBus is standardized through CAN in Automation in CiA-454. The EnergyBus specification is published by the EnergyBus Association, based in Germany. Members are individuals, as well as manufacturers of components, vehicles, systems, and retailers. Bosch, Panasonic, Sanyo, Deutsche Bahn, Philips, and VARTA. One major goal of the EnergyBus E-Bikes

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Energy storage

Energy storage is the catch of energy produced at one time for use at a later time. A device that stores energy is sometimes called an accumulator or battery. Energy in various forms including radiation, chemical, gravitational potential, electrical potential, electricity, elevated temperature, latent heat and kinetic. Energy storage involves the conversion of forms that are difficult to achieve. Bulk energy storage is currently dominated by hydroelectric dams, and conventional as well as pumped. Some technologies provide short-term energy storage, while others can endure for much longer. A wind-up clock stores potential energy (in this mechanical box, in the spring voltage), a rechargeable battery and a hydroelectric dam stores energy in a reservoir as gravitational potential energy. Fossil fuels such as coal and gasoline store ancient energy derived from sunlight by organisms that later died, were buried in these fuels. Food (which is made by the same process as fossil fuels) is a form of energy stored in chemical form. Ice storage tanks frozen ice cream by night. The energy is not stored directly, but the work-product of consuming energy (pumping away heat) is stored, having the equivalent effect on daytime consumption. These were the fuels. Food (which is made by the same process as fossil fuels) is a form of energy stored in chemical form. Ice storage tanks frozen ice cream by night. The energy is not stored directly, but the work-product of consuming energy (pumping away heat) is stored, having the equivalent effect on daytime consumption. These were the fuels. Food (which is made by the same process as fossil fuels) is a form of energy stored in chemical form. Ice storage tanks frozen ice cream by night. The energy is not stored directly, but the work-product of consuming energy (pumping away heat) is stored, having the equivalent effect on daytime consumption.

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Energy park

An energy park is a separate area used and planned for the purpose of clean energy development, like wind and solar generation facilities. Energy parks create many other economic development benefits too. In Ohio, energy parks are creating thousands of green jobs. In Minnesota, community wind parks are also popular. In England, wind parks are commonly known as wind farms. A more “lightweight” version of an energy park is a wind park or solar park. These have one type of clean energy generation, rather than two or more technologies, as in an energy park. Some energy parks feature additional features beyond clean energy generation. Additional benefits include: green job creation, Smart grid connections, new technologies, and innovation opportunities.

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Energy in Common

Energy in Common (EIC) was a not-for-profit organization issuing microloans specifically and only for renewable energy technologies. EIC was founded by Hugh Whalan and Scott Tudman in 2009 (website launch 2010). It is the most ambitious goal of delivering renewable energy to 15 million people in the next five years, while fighting poverty by empowering developing world entrepreneurs through microloans. EIC is one of the most promising contenders in the growing green microfinance sector. As of 2012, it has ceased operations due to a lack of funds after their overseas partners defaulted on their loan obligations. EIC operates very similarly to Kiva. In the box of Kiva, lenders provide funds with zero return to the world of entrepreneurs to invest in their businesses. EIC does this, but does focus on purchasing renewable energy systems like solar photovoltaic panels. What makes EIC particularly unique in microfinance non-profit sector is that they have created a model to measure the greenhouse gas emissions that are created by their loans. The EIC model helps provide funding for developing world entrepreneurs for energy solutions.

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Energy hierarchy

The Energy Hierarchy is a classification of energy options. It is a similar approach to the waste hierarchy for minimizing resource depletion, and adopts a parallel sequence. The highest priorities cover the prevention of unnecessary energy use both by eliminating waste and improving energy efficiency. The sustainable production of energy resources is the next priority. Depletive and waste-producing energy generation options are the lowest priority. For an energy system to be sustainable: the resources applied to producing the energy must be capable of lasting indefinitely; energy conversion should produce no harmful by-products, including net emissions, which can not be fully recycled; and it must be capable of meeting reasonable energy demands.

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Energy Globe Award

The International Energy Globe Awards have been awarded by the Energy Globe Foundation annually to recognize that ‘make care and use of resources and employ alternative energy sources.’ The winners, in the categories of Earth, Fire, Water, Air and Youth, are selected by the United Nations Industrial Development Organization, the World Bank and the European Renewable Energy Council. In 2016, the category Sustainable Plastics was added to the over five categories. The awards were an initiative by Austrian engineer and environmentalist Wolfgang Neumann. The herculean status of the Award often equates to Nobel Prize. It has been distinguished regionally, nationally and globally every year since 2000. The goal of the Energy Globe Award is to create a positive contribution to the environment and to make a positive contribution. The winning ENERGY GLOBE projects serve as examples, which are presented on the Energy Globe website and in the Energy Globe project database. The monetary prize for first place in the international award is 10,000 euro which is distributed among the six categories. The (inter) national ENERGY GLOBE winner projects are honored at festive ceremonies and presented in the media and on television. Large-scale awards were held in 2007 and 2008 in the Plenary Hall of the European Parliament in Brussels with the support of prominent people from all over the world. 2009 the Energy Globe Gala was the opening event of the informal meeting of the EU Environmental Ministers in Prague. 2010 Energy Globe Together with UNEP has opened a World Environment Day in Kigali / Rwanda. The 2014/2015 celebration took place in Tehran / Iran. More than 1000 projects from all over the world are submitted each year. In all some 7000 projects from 177 countries have been submitted for the Energy Globe Award. The ENERGY GLOBE Jury is headed by Maneka Gandhi (Member of Parliament), incumbent Indian Minister for Ministry of Women and Child Development and Indian Minister for Environment. Secretary of the Kofi Annan, President of the European Parliament and European Commission Martin Sheen,

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Energy forecasting

Energy forecasting is a broad term that refers to “forecasting in the energy industry”. It is not limited to forecasting demand (load) and price of electricity, fossil fuel (natural gas, oil, coal) and renewable energy sources (RES, hydro, wind, solar). The term is used to describe both point and probabilistic (ie, interval and density).

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E-diesel

E-diesel is the name of synthetic diesel created by Audi to be used in automobiles. Currently, an e-diesel variant is created by Audi research facility in partnership with a company named Sunfire. The fuel is created from carbon dioxide, a crude oil in a crude oil (which is then refined to generate e-diesel). E-diesel is considered to be a carbon-neutral fuel as it does not extract new carbon and energy sources from carbon-neutral sources. As of April 2015, an Audi A8 driven by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research in Germany is using e-diesel fuel.

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Drakoo wave energy converter

The Drakoo wave energy converter is a device that uses the motion of the ocean surface waves to generate electricity.

The Drakoo WEC does not fall into any of the usual wave energy converter classifications: its working principle, based on a twin-chamber oscillating water column system, is to transform waves into a continuous water flow which drives a hydro turbine generator.

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Deep water source cooling

Deep water source cooling (DWSC) or deep water cooling is a form of air cooling for cooling and cooling that uses a large body of naturally cold water as a heat sink. It uses water at 4 to 10 degrees Celsius drawn from deep areas within lakes, oceans, aquifers or rivers, which is pumped through the one side of a heat exchanger. On the other side of the heat exchanger, cooled water is produced.

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Crosswind kite power

How a system extracts energy from the wind and transfers energy to systems. One typing parameter the position of the generator or pump or tasking line or device. Another typing parameter looks at the tethers of the tether set of the kite system are used; the tethers holding the kiting wing elements aloft may be used in various ways to form types; tethers may simply hold working wings aloft, or they may be pulling loads on the ground, or being towing loads of gold by pulling loads or grinding things. Some types are distinguished by fast motion transfer or slow motion transfer. Typing of crosswind kite power system is a matter of the nature of the wing set where the number of wings and types of wings matter to designers and users; A wing set might be in a train arrangement, stack configuration, arch complex, mesh dome, coordinating family of wings, or just be a simple single-wing with single tether. Types of crosswind are also distinguished by scale, purpose, intended life, and cost level. Typing by economic success occurs; is the system effective in the energy or task market or not? Some CWKPS are a type called lifters; they are purposed just for lifting loads, The type is frequented by the use of autorotating blades that appear then to look like helicopters. A single crosswind kite power system (CWKPS) may be a hybrid complex performing aloft energy generation while also performing ground-based work through tethering pulls. The crosswind kite power systems that involve fluttering elements are being explored in several research centers; flutter is mined for energy in a few ways. Researchers are showing types of CWKPS that are difficult to classify or type.

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Copper indium gallium selenide

Copper indium gallium (di) selenide (CIGS) is a I-III-VI 2 semiconductor material composed of copper, indium, gallium, and selenium. The material is a solid solution of copper indium selenide (often abbreviated “CIS”) and copper gallium selenide. It has a chemical formula of CuIn (1-x) Ga (x) Se 2 where the value of x can vary from 1 (pure copper indium selenide) to 0 (pure copper gallium selenide). CIGS is a tetrahedrally bonded semiconductor, with chalcopyrite crystal structure, and a bandwidth of 1.5 eV (for copper indium selenide) to about 1.7 eV (for copper gallium selenide).

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Copper in renewable energy

Renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, tidal, hydro, biomass, and geothermal have become significant sectors of the energy market. The rapid growth of these sources in the 21st century has led to their increasing impact. While the average capacity of renewable energy sources was only 7% globally in 2010, Few new facilities were from fossil fuel-based power plants. The trend towards new power capacity is expected to continue through 2020. Since it is a renewable energy source, the use of fossil fuels is increasing. Hence, renewable energy supplies enable societies to progress towards lower-carbon-based economies. Copper plays an important role in renewable energy systems. Since copper is an excellent thermal and electrical conductor among the engineering metals (second only to silver), power systems that utilize the copper generate and transmit energy with high efficiency and minimum environmental impacts. By using copper instead of other lower electrical energy-efficient metal conductors, less electricity needs to be generated to satisfy a demand power demand. This article discusses the role of copper in various renewable energy generation systems. power systems that utilize high efficiency and minimal energy impacts. By using copper instead of other lower electrical energy-efficient metal conductors, less electricity needs to be generated to satisfy a demand power demand. This article discusses the role of copper in various renewable energy generation systems. power systems that utilize high efficiency and minimal energy impacts. By using copper instead of other lower electrical energy-efficient metal conductors, less electricity needs to be generated to satisfy a demand power demand. This article discusses the role of copper in various renewable energy generation systems.

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Community Choice Aggregation

Community Choice Aggregation, abbreviated CCA, also known as Community Choice Energy (CCE), municipal aggregation, governmental aggregation, electricity aggregation, and community aggregation, is an alternative to the United States aggregate the power of individual customers within a regulated jurisdiction. The CCA chooses the power generation source on behalf of the consumers. By aggregating purchasing power, they are able to create large contracts with generators, something individual buyers may be unable to do. The main goals of the energy mix, mainly by offering “greener” generation portfolios than local utilities. Currently CCAS are possible in the United States of Massachusetts, Ohio, California, Illinois, New Jersey, New York, and Rhode Island, and nearly 5% of Americans in over 1300 municipalities as of 2014.

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Cogeneration

Cogeneration or combined heat and power (CHP) is the use of a heat engine or power station to generate electricity and useful heat at the same time. Trigeneration or combined cooling, heat and power refers to the simultaneous generation of electricity and useful heating and cooling of the combustion of a fuel or a solar heat collector. The terms cogeneration and trigeneration can also be applied to the power systems of electricity, heat, and industrial chemicals – eg, syngas or pure hydrogen (article: combined cycles, chapter: natural gas integrated power & syngas (hydrogen) generation cycle). Cogeneration is a more efficient use of fuel because otherwise it is wasted heat of electricity generation. Combined heat and power (CHP) plants recover otherwise wasted thermal energy for heating. This is also called combined heat and power district heating. Small CHP plants are an example of decentralized energy. By-product heat at moderate temperatures (100-180 ° C, 212-356 ° F) can also be used in absorption refrigerators for cooling. The supply of high-temperature heat first drives a gas or steam turbine-powered generator. The resulting low-temperature waste heat is then used for water or space heating. At smaller scales (typically below 1 MW) a gas engine or diesel engine may be used. Trigeneration differs from cogeneration in that the waste heat is used for both heating and cooling, typically in an absorption refrigerator. Combined cooling, heat and power systems can be more efficient than traditional power plants. In the United States, the application of trigeneration in buildings is called building cooling, heating and power. Heating and cooling output can operate concurrently or alternately Cogeneration has been practiced in some of the earliest facilities of electrical generation. Before central stations distributed power, industries generating their own power. Large office and apartment buildings, commonly owned and operated. Due to the high cost of these acquisitions, these theses are still available. Cogeneration has been practiced in some of the earliest facilities of electrical generation. Before central stations distributed power, industries generating their own power. Large office and apartment buildings, commonly owned and operated. Due to the high cost of these acquisitions, these theses are still available. Cogeneration has been practiced in some of the earliest facilities of electrical generation. Before central stations distributed power, industries generating their own power. Large office and apartment buildings, commonly owned and operated. Due to the high cost of these acquisitions, these theses are still available.

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China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation

The China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation (CSIC) is one of the two largest shipbuilding conglomerates in China, the other being the China State Shipbuilding Corporation (CSSC). It was formed by the Government of the People’s Republic of China on 1 July 1999 from companies spun off from CSSC, and is 100% owned by SASAC. Headquartered in Beijing, the CSIC handles shipbuilding activities in the north and the west of China, while the China State Shipbuilding Corporation (CSSC) deals with those in the east and the south of the country. CSIC’s subsidiary, China Shipbuilding Industry Company Limited (CSICL), was listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange in 2008. Its trade arm is China Shipbuilding & Offshore International Co. Ltd. CSIC has developed 10 main product sections: shipbuilding, marine engineering, diesel engines, storage batteries, large steel structure fabrications, port machinery, turbochargers, tobacco machinery, gas meters and automation distribution systems. The main business scope of CSIC includes the management of all the assets of the corporation and its subsidiaries, domestic and overseas investment and financing, undertaking scientific research and production of military products, mainly of warships, design, production and repair of domestic and overseas Civil engineering, marine and other non-ship products, various forms of economic and technological co-operation, overseas turnkey project contracting, labor export, projects of production with foreign materials, engineering project contracting, construction engineering, building construction and installation, and other business authorized. turbochargers, tobacco machinery, gas meters and automation distribution systems. The main business scope of CSIC includes the management of all the assets of the corporation and its subsidiaries, domestic and overseas investment and financing, undertaking scientific research and production of military products, mainly of warships, design, production and repair of domestic and overseas Civil engineering, marine and other non-ship products, various forms of economic and technological co-operation, overseas turnkey project contracting, labor export, projects of production with foreign materials, engineering project contracting, construction engineering, building construction and installation, and other business authorized. turbochargers, tobacco machinery, gas meters and automation distribution systems. The main business scope of CSIC includes the management of all the assets of the corporation and its subsidiaries, domestic and overseas investment and financing, undertaking scientific research and production of military products, mainly of warships, design, production and repair of domestic and overseas Civil engineering, marine and other non-ship products, various forms of economic and technological co-operation, overseas turnkey project contracting, labor export, projects of production with foreign materials, engineering project contracting, construction engineering, building construction and installation, and other business authorized.

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Carbon offset

A carbon offset is a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions or greenhouse gases made in order to offset offset emissions elsewhere. Carbon offsets are measured in tonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO 2 e) and may represent six primary categories of the greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide (), methane (CH 4), nitrous oxide (N 2 O), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF 6). One carbon offset represents the reduction of one tonne of carbon dioxide or its equivalent in other greenhouse gases. There are two markets for carbon offsets. In the larger, compliance market, companies, governments, or other entities, they are allowed to emit. This market is subject to compliance with the obligations of the parties under the Kyoto Protocol and the European Emission Trading Scheme. In 2006, about $ 5.5 billion of carbon offsets were sold in the compliance market, representing about 1.6 billion metric tons of CO 2 e reductions. In the much smaller, voluntary market, individual companies, or governments purchase carbon offsets to mitigate their own greenhouse gas emissions from transportation, electricity use, and other sources. For example, an individual may purchase carbon offsets to compensate for the greenhouse gas emissions caused by personal air travel. Many companies (see list) offer carbon offsets as they sell their products to consumers and customers. good, etc.). In 2008, about $ 705 million of carbon offsets were paid in the voluntary market, representing about 123.4 million metric tons of CO 2 e reductions. Some fuel suppliers in the United Kingdom offer fuel as a result of such fuel dyes. Offsets are typically achieved through financial support of projects that reduce the emission of greenhouse gases in the long-term short-term gold. The most common project type is renewable energy, such as wind farms, biomass energy, or hydroelectric dams. Others include energy efficiency projects, the destruction of industrial pollutants or agricultural byproducts, destruction of landfill methane, and forestry projects. Some of the most popular carbon offset projects from a corporate perspective are energy efficiency and wind turbine projects. Carbon offsetting has gained some appeal and momentum mainly among consumers who have become aware of the potential negative environmental effects of energy-intensive lifestyles and economies. The Kyoto Protocol has been sanctioned offsets as a way for governments and private companies to earn carbon credits that can be traded on a marketplace. The protocol established by the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), which validates and measures projects to ensure they produce authentic benefits and are genuinely “additional” activities that would not otherwise have been undertaken. Organizations that are unable to meet their emissions quotas can offset their emissions by buying CDM-approved Certified Emissions Reductions. Emissions from burning fuel, such as red diesel, has driven one UK fuel supplier to create a carbon offset fuel named Carbon Offset Red Diesel. Offsets may be cheaper or more convenient alternatives to reducing one’s own fossil-fuel consumption. However, some criticism of carbon offsets, and the question of the benefits of certain types of offsets. This approach is based on the principles of quality assurance and the identification of “good quality” offsets to ensure offsetting provides the desired additional environmental benefits, and to avoid reputational risk associated with poor quality offsets. Offsets are viewed as an important policy tool to maintain stable economies and to improve sustainability. One of the hidden dangers of climate change is one of the hidden dangers of carbon trading, which can be reduced to a lower carbon price. effectively permit, equalizing the price.

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Carbon neutrality

Carbon neutrality, or having a net zero carbon footprint, refers to achieving net zero carbon emissions by balancing a measured amount of carbon released with an equivalent amount of sequestered or offset. It is used in the context of carbon dioxide releasing processes associated with transportation, energy production, and industrial processes such as production of carbon neutral fuel. The carbon neutrality concept may be extended to include other greenhouse gases (GHG) measured in their carbon dioxide equivalence (e) -the impact of GHG on the atmosphere expressed in the equivalent amount of CO 2. CO 2 is the most abundant, the term “climate neutral” Kyoto Protocol, namely: methane (CH 4), nitrous oxide (N 2 O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFC), perfluorocarbons (PFC), and sulphur hexafluoride (SF 6). Both terms are used interchangeably throughout this article. The best practice for reducing carbon emissions and reducing carbon emissions is essential. Carbon neutral status is successfully achieved in two ways: The best practice for reducing carbon emissions and reducing carbon emissions is essential. Carbon neutral status is successfully achieved in two ways: The best practice for reducing carbon emissions and reducing carbon emissions is essential. Carbon neutral status is successfully achieved in two ways:

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Biosphere Technology

BioSphere was invented, developed and owned by Dr. CA McCormack. BioSphere was marketed for 17 years under license granted to Global Environmental Energy Corp., a US public company Chaired by the Irish Prime Minister and Nobel Peace Prize Nominee, Dr. Albert Reynolds (1932-2014) Under Dr Reynolds BioSpheres leadership manufactured under license Russia, China, Thailand, Mexico and the USA were deployed worldwide. Dr. Reynolds spearheaded the company’s involvement in North Africa and North East Asia, before retiring to the health of bioSphere and its military and marine variants BioSphere-Neo and BioSphere-Marine, is a starved oxygen gasification process that harnesses the combustibility of solid and liquid wastes and a variety of traditional fuels in a limited-oxygen environment with significant limited atmospheric emissions creating a heat source and generating electricity in a gas / steam turbine. Examples of this type of product are: municipal solid waste, agricultural waste, forestry surpluses or wastes, industrial waste, medical waste materials, and traditional fossil fuels. The manufacturer and marketing rights to the patented BioSphere technology is licensed to a Chinese-based Chinese consortium in 2013 and expires in 2034.

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Biomimetics

Biomimetics or biomimicry is the imitation of the models, systems, and elements of nature for the purpose of solving complex human problems. The terms “biomimetics” and “biomimicry” derived from (bios), life, and μίμησις (mīmēsis), imitation, from μιμεῖσθαι (mīmeisthai), to imitate, from μῖμος (mimos), actor. A closely related field is bionics. Living organisms have evolved well-adapted structures and materials over geological time through natural selection. Biomimetics has given rise to new technologies inspired by biological solutions at macro and nanoscale. Humans have looked at nature for answers to problems throughout our existence. Nature has solved engineering problems such as self-healing, environmental exposure tolerance and resistance, hydrophobicity, self-assembly, and harnessing solar energy.

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Biomass Energy Centre

Biomass Energy Center is a biomass fired CHP power station located in the town of Chilton in Durham County. Opened in 2011, the plant was developed, and owned and operated by Veolia Energy-Dalkia.

In May 2009, Veolia Energy-Dalkia, who had a base in nearby Cramlington, Northumberland and had previously provided cogeneration (CHP) plants for the Newcastle General, Freeman and Royal Victoria Infirmary hospitals in Newcastle, announced their plans to build a biomass fueled CHP power station in the County Durham town of Chilton. Chilton Cathedral, Chilton Cathedral, Choline Cathedral, Chilton Cathedral, Chilton Cathedral, Chilton Cathedral, Chilton Cathedral. The new plant was expected to cost 40 million, half of which was spent in the North East region, on materials and components for the plant, aiding the local economy. Chilton Town Council voted unanimously in support of the plant, saying it would be a catalyst for the regeneration of the area, and this was supported by a 340 name petition from the local people. Planning permission was granted later that June and construction started in January 2010. 50 jobs were created during the construction, with 17 permanent jobs created following completion. Commissioning of the plant began in June 2011, taking three to four weeks to complete.

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Biomass briquettes

Biomass briquettes are a biofuel substitute to coal and charcoal. Briquettes are mostly used in the developing world, where cooking is not readily available. There has been a move to the use of briquettes in the developed world, where they are used to heat industrial boilers in order to produce electricity from steam. The briquettes are cofired with coal in order to create the heat supplied to the boiler.

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Biomass

Biomass is an industry for burning energy by burning wood, and other organic matter. Burning biomass releases carbon emissions, but has been classified as a renewable energy source in the EU and a legal framework, because it can be replaced by new growth. It has become popular among coal power stations, which switch from coal to biomass in order to convert to renewable energy generation. Biomass most often refers to plants or plant-based materials that are not used for food or feed, and are commonly called lignocellulosic biomass. As an energy source, biomass can be used directly by combustion to produce heat, or indirectly after conversion to various forms of biofuel. Can be achieved by different methods which are broadly classified into: thermal, chemical, and biochemical. Some chemical constituents of plant biomass include lignins, cellulose, and hemicellulose.

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Biogas

Biogas typically refers to a mixture of different gases produced by the breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen. Biogas can be produced from such materials as agricultural waste, manure, municipal waste, plant material, sewage, green waste or food waste. Biogas is a renewable energy source. Biogas can be produced by anaerobic digestion with methanogen or anaerobic organisms, which digest material inside a closed system, or fermentation of biodegradable materials. This closed system is called anaerobic digester, a biodigester or a bioreactor. Biogas is primarily methane () and carbon dioxide () and small amounts of hydrogen sulphide (), moisture and siloxanes. The gases methane, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide () can be combusted or oxidized with oxygen. This energy release permits biogas to be used as a fuel; it can be used for any purpose, such as cooking. It can also be used in a gas engine to convert energy into the gas and electricity. Biogas can be compressed, the same way to CNG, and used to power motor vehicles. In the United Kingdom, for example, biogas is estimated to have the potential to replace around 17% of vehicle fuel. It qualifies for renewable energy subsidies in some parts of the world. Biogas can be cleaned and upgraded to natural gas standards, when it becomes bio-methane. Biogas is considered to be a renewable resource because of its production-and-use cycle is continuous, and it generates no net carbon dioxide. As the organic material grows, it is converted and used. It then regrows in a continually repeating cycle. From a carbon perspective,

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Biofuel

A biofuel is a fuel that is produced through such biological processes, such as agriculture and anaerobic digestion, rather than a fuel produced by geological processes such as those involved in the formation of fossil fuels, such as coal and petroleum, from prehistoric biological matter. Biofuels can be derived directly from plants, or from agricultural, commercial, domestic, and / or industrial wastes. Renewable biofuels generally involves contemporary carbon fixation, such as those that occur in plants or microalgae through the process of photosynthesis. Other renewable biofuels are made using the conversion of biomass (referring to recently living organisms, most often referring to plants or plant-derived materials). This biomass can be converted to convenient energy-containing substances in three different ways: thermal conversion, chemical conversion, and biochemical conversion. This biomass conversion can result in solid fuel, liquid, or gas form. This new biomass can also be used directly for biofuels. Bioethanol is an alcohol made by fermentation, mostly from carbohydrates produced in sugar or starch crops such as corn, sugarcane, or sweet sorghum. Cellulosic biomass, derived from non-food sources, such as trees and grasses, is also being developed as a feedstock for ethanol production. Ethanol can be used as a fuel for vehicles in its pure form, but it is usually used as a gasoline additive to increase octane and improve vehicle emissions. Bioethanol is widely used in the United States and in Brazil.

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Berkshire Hathaway Energy

Berkshire Hathaway Energy (previously known as MidAmerican Energy Holdings Company until 2014) is a holding company which is 90% owned by Berkshire Hathaway. Berkshire has owned a controlling stake since 1999. Greg Abel serves as president, chairman and CEO. David L. Sokol was CEO until 2008. Until 2014, it was known as Mid-American Energy Holdings Company from its roots as MidAmerican Energy Company; it took on the name of its parent to reflect the diversity of its portfolio.

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Atlantis Resources

Atlantis Resources is a vertically integrated turbine in Singapore, Edinburgh and Bristol.

In February 2014, Atlantis became the world’s first tidal energy company to float on the LSE’s AIM and began construction on MeyGen, Europe’s largest planned tidal power project, later that year. In September 2015, Atlantis appointed Simon Counsell as Chief Financial Officer. A number of strategic investments and acquisitions occurred in late 2015 and throughout 2016 culminating in first power being produced at MeyGen. On 20th Feb 2017 the company announced that it had completed the first phase (Phase 1a) of the Meygen project in the Pentland Firth. This phase includes the design, manufacture and deployment of 4 1.5 MW turbines

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Army Energy Initiatives Task Force

The Army Energy Initiatives Task Force (EITF) serves as the central management office for partnering with United States Army facilities to implement cost-effective, large-scale renewable energy projects, leveraging private sector financing “part of the Office of the Assistant Secretary of the John M. McHugh, Secretary for the Army, The Energy of the Environment September 15, 2011. The EITF supports the Army’s goal of deploying 1 gigawatt of renewable energy by 2025.On 1 October 2014, the Secretary of the Army directed the establishment of the US Army Permanent Office of Energy Initiatives (OEI).

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Anaerobic digestion

Anaerobic digestion is a collection of processes by which microorganisms break down biodegradable material in the absence of oxygen. The process is used for industrial or domestic purposes to manage waste or to produce fuels. Much of the fermentation used industrially to produce food and drink products, as well as fermentation, uses anaerobic digestion. Anaerobic digestion occurs naturally in some sediments and in the lake and oceanic basin sediments, where it is usually referred to as “anaerobic activity”. This is the source of methane gas as discovered by Alessandro Volta in 1776. The digestion process begins with bacterial hydrolysis of the input materials. Insoluble organic polymers, such as carbohydrates, are broken down into soluble derivatives that become available for other bacteria. Acidogenic bacteria then convert the sugars and amino acids into carbon dioxide, hydrogen, ammonia, and organic acids. These bacteria are associated with acid, additional ammonia, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide. Finally, methanogens convert these products to methane and carbon dioxide. The methanogenic archaea populations play an indispensable role in anaerobic wastewater treatments. Anaerobic digestion is used as part of the process to treat biodegradable waste and sewage sludge. As part of an integrated waste management system, anaerobic digestion reduces the emission of landfill gas into the atmosphere. Anaerobic digesters can also be fed with purpose-grown energy crops, such as maize. Anaerobic digestion is widely used as a source of renewable energy. The process produces a biogas, carbon dioxide and traces of other ‘contaminant’ gases. This biogas can be used directly as fuel, in combined heat and power gas engines or upgraded to natural gas-quality biomethane. The nutrient-rich digestate also produced can be used as fertilizer. The United States (2011), Germany and Denmark (2011), the United States (2011), Germany and Denmark (aaerobic digestion) 2011).

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Algae fuel

Algae fuel, algal biofuel, or algal oil is an alternative to liquid fossil fuels that uses algae as its source of energy-rich oils. Also, algae fuels are an alternative to commonly known biofuel sources, such as corn and sugarcane. Several companies and government agencies are funding efforts to reduce capital and operating costs and make algae fuel production commercially viable. Like fossil fuel, algae fuel releases when burnt, but unlike fossil fuel, algae fuel and other biofuels only released recently removed from the atmosphere via photosynthesis as the algae or plant grew. The energy crisis and the world food crisis (algae farming) for making biodiesel and other biofuels using land for agriculture. Among algal fuels’ They can be grown with minimal impact on freshwater resources, they can be produced using saline and wastewater, they have a high flash point, and they are biodegradable and relatively harmless to the environment if spilled. Algae costs more per unit than other second-generation biofuel crops due to high capital and operating costs, but is claimed to be between 10 and 100 times more fuel per unit area. The United States Department of Energy estimates that if it is algae fueled all the petroleum fuel in the United States, it would require, which is only 0.42% of the US map, or about half of the land area of ​​Maine. This is the area of ​​corn harvested in the United States in 2000. The head of the Algal Biomass Organization reported in 2018 if granted production tax credits. However, in 2013, Exxon Mobil Chairman and CEO Rex Tillerson said that after committing to spend $ 600 million over 10 years on a joint venture with J. Craig Venter’s Synthetic Genomics in 2009, Exxon pulled back after four years (and $ 100 million) when it is realized that algae fuel is “probably more” than 25 years away from commercial viability. On the other hand, Solazyme, Sapphire Energy, and Algenol, among others, and 2015, respectively. By 2017, most efforts had been abandoned or changed to other applications, with only a few remaining. Exxon Mobil Chairman and CEO Rex Tillerson said $ 600 million over 10 years in a joint venture with Craig J. Venter’s Synthetic Genomics in 2009, Exxon pulled back after four years (and $ 100 million) when it realized that algae fuel is “probably more” than 25 years away from commercial viability. On the other hand, Solazyme, Sapphire Energy, and Algenol, among others, and 2015, respectively. By 2017, most efforts had been abandoned or changed to other applications, with only a few remaining. Exxon Mobil Chairman and CEO Rex Tillerson said $ 600 million over 10 years in a joint venture with Craig J. Venter’s Synthetic Genomics in 2009, Exxon pulled back after four years (and $ 100 million) when it realized that algae fuel is “probably more” than 25 years away from commercial viability. On the other hand, Solazyme, Sapphire Energy, and Algenol, among others, and 2015, respectively. By 2017, most efforts had been abandoned or changed to other applications, with only a few remaining. Exxon pulled back after four years (and $ 100 million) when it is realized that algae fuel is “probably more” than 25 years away from commercial viability. On the other hand, Solazyme, Sapphire Energy, and Algenol, among others, and 2015, respectively. By 2017, most efforts had been abandoned or changed to other applications, with only a few remaining. Exxon pulled back after four years (and $ 100 million) when it is realized that algae fuel is “probably more” than 25 years away from commercial viability. On the other hand, Solazyme, Sapphire Energy, and Algenol, among others, and 2015, respectively. By 2017, most efforts had been abandoned or changed to other applications, with only a few remaining.

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Agency for Renewable Resources

The Agency for Renewable Resources (or FNR), was founded in 1993 as a government initiative to support research and development in the area of ​​renewable resources. As a project managing organization, the FNR answers to the Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Food (abbreviated BMEL in German). In May 2015, the BMEL announced the new ‘Renewable Resources’ funding program. The Agency for Renewable Resources (FNR) has been entrusted with managing the program. Currently, around 600 projects with a budget of 193 million euro are being funded by the FNR. In 2016 the FNR households 61 million euro provided from Germany’s Federal budget for the implementation of the funding program. An additional 24.6 million euro are allocated for research and development in the field of bioenergy from the Special Energy and Climate Fund (EKF). ‘Renewable Resources’ Funding Program The ‘Renewable Resources’ funding program is part of the government’s new high-tech strategy to improve Germany’s competitive position. It also supports the government’s ‘Policy Strategy on Bioeconomy’, which aims to create a resource-efficient economy that makes use of renewable resources. The program is intended to support the further development of a sustainable bio-based economy. This involves developing innovative, internationally competitive bio-based products, as well as processes and technologies for their production. Furthermore, the program also supports the development of concepts aimed at improving the sustainability of the bio-based economy, while taking society’s expectations into account.

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Aditya (boat)

Aditya, India’s first solar ferry, is a solar-powered ferry operating between Vaikkom and Thavanakkadavu in the Indian state of Kerala. The boat was inaugurated by Kerala Chief Minister Sri. Pinarayi Vijayan and Central Cabinet Minister for Power, Renewable Energy, Sri. Piyush Goyal on January 12, 2017. It is India’s first solar-powered ferry and the largest solar-powered boat in India. The vessel was designed and built by Naval Solar and Electric Boats in Kochi, India. NavAlt is a joint venture firm between Navgathi Marine Design and Constructions, Alternative Energies (France) and EVE Systems (France).

The boat is operating since launch on 12 January 2017 between Vaikkom and Thavanakkadavu. The first150 days operation data shows that even rainy days during monsoon did not affect the schedule of the boat.

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100% renewable energy

The endeavor to use 100% renewable energy for electricity, heating and cooling, and transport is motivated by global warming, pollution and other environmental issues, as well as economic and energy security concerns. Shifting the total global primary energy supply to renewable sources requires a transition of the energy system. In 2013, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is the most important global energy demand. Renewable energy has grown up much faster than even advocates anticipated. In 2014, renewable sources such as wind, geothermal, solar, biomass, and burnt waste provided 19% of the total energy consumed worldwide, with approximately half of that coming from traditional use of biomass. The most important sector is with a share of 22.8%, with a share of 16.6%, followed by wind with 3.1%. According to the REN21 2017 global status report, these figures had increased to 19.3% for energy in 2015 and 24.5% for electricity in 2016. There are many places around the world with renewable energy. At the national level, at least 30 nations have more than 20% of the energy supply. Professors S. Pacala and Robert H. Socolow of Princeton University have developed a series of “climate stabilization wedges” that can be largest number of their “wedges.” Mark Z. Jacobson, Professor of Civil Engineering and Environmental Engineering at Stanford University and Director of its Atmosphere and Energy Program, says that it is possible to produce energy and energy. Be replaced by 2050. Barriers to implementing the renewable energy plan. Jacobson says that energy costs today, and that they should be similar to today’s cost-effective strategies. The main obstacle against this scenario is the lack of political will. Jacobson’s conclusions have been disputed by other researchers. Similarly, in the United States,

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Renewable energy

Renewable energy is energy that is collected from renewable resources, which is naturally replenished on a human timescale, such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat. Renewable energy often provides energy in many areas: electricity generation, air and water heating / cooling, transportation, and rural (off-grid) energy services. Based on REN21’s 2017 report, renewables contributed 19.3% to humans’ total energy consumption and 24.5% to their generation of electricity in 2015 and 2016, respectively. This energy consumption is divided into 8.9% from traditional biomass, 4.2% as heat energy (modern biomass, geothermal and solar heat), 3.9% hydroelectricity and 2.2% is electricity from wind, solar, geothermal, and biomass. Worldwide investments in renewable technologies amounted to more than US $ 286 billion in 2015, with countries like China and the United States, mainly in wind, hydro, solar and biofuels. Globally, there are an estimated 7.7 million jobs associated with the renewable energy industries, with solar photovoltaics being the largest renewable employer. As of 2015 worldwide, more than half of all new electricity has been installed. Renewable energy resources, in contrast to other energy sources, which are concentrated in a limited number of countries. Energy and climate change mitigation, and economic benefits. The results of a recent review of the greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) emitters, a high value for liability mitigation would provide powerful incentives for the deployment of renewable energy technologies . In international public opinion surveys there is strong support for such renewable energies as such as solar power and wind power. At the national level, at least 30 nations around the world are more energy efficient than 20 percent of energy supply. National renewable energy markets are projected to continue to grow strongly in the coming decade and beyond. Some places and at least two countries, and many other countries have the set to reach 100% renewable energy in the future. For example, in Denmark the government decided to switch the total energy supply (electricity, mobility and heating / cooling) to 100% renewable energy by 2050. While many renewable energy projects are wide-scale, renewable technologies are also suitable for rural and remote areas and developing countries, where energy is often crucial in human development. Former United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon has said that renewable energy has the ability to lift the poorest nations to new levels of prosperity. As more of renewables provide electricity, renewable energy deployment is often applied in conjunction with further electrification, which has several benefits: Electricity can be converted to heat, where it can be converted to heat and energy. In addition to that, it is much more efficient and therefore leads to a significant reduction in primary energy requirements, because most of the fossil power plants usually have losses of 40 to 65%. . Renewable energy systems are becoming more efficient and cheaper. Their share of total energy consumption is increasing. Growth in consumption of coal and oil could end up by 2020 due to increased uptake of renewables and natural gas. In addition to that, it is much more efficient and therefore leads to a significant reduction in primary energy requirements, because most of the fossil power plants usually have losses of 40 to 65%. . Renewable energy systems are becoming more efficient and cheaper. Their share of total energy consumption is increasing. Growth in consumption of coal and oil could end up by 2020 due to increased uptake of renewables and natural gas. In addition to that, it is much more efficient and therefore leads to a significant reduction in primary energy requirements, because most of the fossil power plants usually have losses of 40 to 65%. . Renewable energy systems are becoming more efficient and cheaper. Their share of total energy consumption is increasing. Growth in consumption of coal and oil could end up by 2020 due to increased uptake of renewables and natural gas. Renewable energy systems are becoming more efficient and cheaper. Their share of total energy consumption is increasing. Growth in consumption of coal and oil could end up by 2020 due to increased uptake of renewables and natural gas. Renewable energy systems are becoming more efficient and cheaper. Their share of total energy consumption is increasing. Growth in consumption of coal and oil could end up by 2020 due to increased uptake of renewables and natural gas.

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Strategic energy management

Strategic energy management (SEM) is a set of processes for business energy management. SEM is often implemented through programs that target the businesses or other organizations within a jurisdiction or a government area. SEM is codified in the ISO 50001 standard for energy management systems.

The main goal of SEM is to help a company to improve performance over a longer period of time. Some energy benefits of the energy consumption of reduced energy consumption and improved energy efficiency and energy conservation, reduced energy consumption, reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and improved reliability. (eg onsite renewables, localized energy storage, combined heat and power).

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RETScreen

The RETScreen Clean Energy Management Software (usually shortened to RETScreen) is a software package developed by the Government of Canada. RETScreen Expert was highlighted at the 2016 Clean Energy Ministerial held in San Francisco. RETScreen Expert is the current version of the software and was released to the public on September 19, 2016. The software allows for the comprehensive identification, assessment and optimization of the technical and financial viability of renewable energy and energy efficiency projects; and the performance of facilities and the identification of energy savings / production opportunities. “Viewer mode” in RETScreen Expert is free and available to all of the functionality of the software. Unlike past versions of RETScreen, however, a new ”

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Premium efficiency

As part of a concerted effort to reduce energy consumption, CO 2 emissions and the impact of industrial operations on the environment, This article looks at the development of the standard efficiency (IE3) and premium efficiency motors (PEMs) and associated environmental, legal and energy-related topics.

The oil crisis and the worldwide need for more energy. In 1992 the US Congress, as part of the Energy Policy Act (EPAct) set minimum efficiency levels (see Table B-1) for electric motors. In 1998 the European Committee of Manufacturers of Electrical Machines and Power Systems (CEMEP) issued a voluntary agreement of motor manufacturers on efficiency classification, with three efficiency classes:

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Municipal wastewater treatment energy management

Sustainable energy management in the wastewater sector applies the concept of sustainable management to the energy involved in the treatment of wastewater. The energy consumed by the wastewater sector is usually the largest portion of energy consumed by the urban water and wastewater utilities. The rising costs of electricity, the contribution to greenhouse gas emissions and the growing need for global warming, are driving wastewater utilities to rethink their energy management, adopting more energy efficient technologies and processes and investing in renewable energy generation.

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Moisture removal efficiency

Moisture Removal Efficiency (MRE) is a measure of the energy efficiency of any dehumidification process. Moisture removal efficiency is the water vapor removed from the air temperature and humidity, divided by the total energy consumed by the dehumidification equipment during the same time period, including all the fan and pump energy needed to move air and fluids through the system . Water vapor removal is expressed as pounds or kilograms. Energy is usually expressed as kilowatt hours. Inlet air temperature is expressed in degrees Fahrenheit or degrees Celsius. Inlet air humidity may be expressed in several ways, most commonly in the air; the weight of water vapor in the air, compared to the weight of the air that contains it. An example of the MRE of a dehumidification system could be: 4. 4 lb / kWh @ 85 ° F, 140 gr / lb. Using the SI system of units, that same MRE would be 2.0 kg / kWh @ 30 ° C, 20.0 g / kg.

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International Partnership for Energy Efficiency Cooperation

The Partnership for Energy Efficiency Cooperation (IPEEC) is a high-level international forum that includes developed and developing countries. Its efficiency and effectiveness in the field of energy efficiency and efficiency of energy efficiency gains across all sectors globally. IPEEC provides information to decision-makers in major economies, facilitating candidatures discussions for exchanging ideas and experiences and helping countries to undertake joint ventures. It is also a forum for member and non-member. IPEEC supported initiatives are open to both member and non-member nations as well as the private sector. IPEEC is coordinating the implementation of the Group of 20 (G20) Energy Efficiency Action Plan, which was agreed by G20 leaders in late 2014 as a practical approach to international voluntary energy efficiency collaboration. Since July 2016, IPEEC is coordinating the Energy Efficiency Program (EELP) that provides the basis for a comprehensive, flexible, and adequately-resourced framework for collaborative voluntary energy collaboration among G20 members and beyond. IPEEC has two core committees: the Executive Committee and the Policy Committee. Both these committees are expected to meet the requirements of the current and future projects. which was agreed by G20 leaders in late 2014 as a practical approach to sustainable voluntary international energy efficiency collaboration. Since July 2016, IPEEC is coordinating the Energy Efficiency Program (EELP) that provides the basis for a comprehensive, flexible, and adequately-resourced framework for collaborative voluntary energy collaboration among G20 members and beyond. IPEEC has two core committees: the Executive Committee and the Policy Committee. Both these committees are expected to meet the requirements of the current and future projects. which was agreed by G20 leaders in late 2014 as a practical approach to sustainable voluntary international energy efficiency collaboration. Since July 2016, IPEEC is coordinating the Energy Efficiency Program (EELP) that provides the basis for a comprehensive, flexible, and adequately-resourced framework for collaborative voluntary energy collaboration among G20 members and beyond. IPEEC has two core committees: the Executive Committee and the Policy Committee. Both these committees are expected to meet the requirements of the current and future projects. G20 members and beyond. IPEEC has two core committees: the Executive Committee and the Policy Committee. Both these committees are expected to meet the requirements of the current and future projects. G20 members and beyond. IPEEC has two core committees: the Executive Committee and the Policy Committee. Both these committees are expected to meet the requirements of the current and future projects.

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German National Action Plan on Energy Efficiency

The German National Action Plan on Energy Efficiency (NAPE) is the National Energy Efficiency Action Plan (NEEAP) for Germany. The plan was commissioned under EU Energy Efficiency Directive 2012/27 / EU of the European Union and released on December 3, 2014. Under the plan, the German government offers an average increase of 2.1% / year in macroeconomic energy productivity from 2008 to 2020. The exact reduction in primary energy is therefore dependent on the rate of economic growth. The NAPE is part of the Climate Action Program2020, also approved on 3December 2014.

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Fuel efficiency

Fuel efficiency is a form of thermal efficiency, which is a conversion of chemical potential energy contained in a carrier (fuel) into kinetic energy or work. (EN) Fuel efficiency, especially fossil fuel power plants or industries dealing with combustion, such as ammonia production during the Haber process. In the context of transport, fuel economy is the energy efficiency of a particular vehicle, given as a ratio of distance traveled per unit of fuel consumed. It is dependent on engine efficiency, transmission design, and tire design. Fuel economy is expressed in miles per gallon (mpg) in the United States and also in the UK (imperial gallon); There is some confusion about the imperial gallon that is not comparable. In countries using the metric system fuel economy is reported as “fuel consumption” in liters per 100 kilometers (L / 100 km). Liters per mil are used in Norway and Sweden. Fuel consumption is a more accurate measure of a vehicle’s performance because it is a linear relationship while fuel economy leads to distortions in efficiency improvements. Weight-specific efficiency (efficiency per unit weight) can be stated for freight, and passenger-specific efficiency (vehicle efficiency per passenger). Liters per mil are used in Norway and Sweden. Fuel consumption is a more accurate measure of a vehicle’s performance because it is a linear relationship while fuel economy leads to distortions in efficiency improvements. Weight-specific efficiency (efficiency per unit weight) can be stated for freight, and passenger-specific efficiency (vehicle efficiency per passenger). Liters per mil are used in Norway and Sweden. Fuel consumption is a more accurate measure of a vehicle’s performance because it is a linear relationship while fuel economy leads to distortions in efficiency improvements. Weight-specific efficiency (efficiency per unit weight) can be stated for freight, and passenger-specific efficiency (vehicle efficiency per passenger).

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Fuel Economy Reform Act

The Fuel Economy Reform Act was a bill (S. 3694 in the 109th United States Congress and S. 767 and S. 768 in the 110th United States Congress) by Barack Obama and Richard Lugar. It’s a standard of corporate average fuel economy fleet by 4% per year, about one mile per gallon. The bill also provides tax incentives for retooling production. Fuel economy gains are the responsibility of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, part of the executive branch. Thus, Obama and Lugar remarked on their bill, “Mr. President, we are adopting the authority to reform the economy.” These bills were introduced in the Senate, but did not pass.

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ESA Automation

ESA Automation is a multinational group that manufactures technologies for industrial automation, energy management and for CNC and motion. ESA Automation is headquartered in Mariano Comense, Como, Italy, and has branches in Spain, Germany, United States, Turkey, China and India. In Italy it has also been developed by a multinazional group for the production of industrial automation, for the purpose of controllability and CNC motion. The main sua sede in Mariano Comense (CO) e ha filiali in Spagna, Germania, USA, Turchia, Cina | subsidiaries]]: ESA Elettronica SpA in Pontedera and ESA Energy Srl in Rovereto.

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Energy management

Energy management includes planning and operation of energy production and energy consumption units. Objectives are resource conservation, climate protection and cost savings, while the users have access to the energy they need. It is connected closely to environmental management, production management, logistics and other established business functions. The VDI-Guideline 4602 released on the definition of the economic dimension: “Energy management is the proactive, organized and systematic coordination of procurement, conversion, distribution and use of energy to meet the requirements, taking into account environmental and economic objectives”.

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Energy efficiency in agriculture

European Commission definitions of energy efficiency, are given below:

European Commission requirements regarding energy use in the EU (Directive 2012/27 / EU) establish a common framework of measures for the promotion of energy efficiency within the European Union to: failures that impede efficiency in the supply and use of energy. Provides for the establishment of indicative national energy efficiency targets for 2020

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Energy efficiency gap

” This article is about the energy efficiency gap. For issues related to gerrymandering and elections (eg, Stephanopoulos and McGhee, 2014), see Wasted vote. ” Energy efficiency gap refers to the improvement of energy efficiency or the difference between the cost-minimizing level of energy efficiency and the level of energy efficiency. energy efficiency actually realized. It has attracted considerable attention among energy policy analysts, because it exists for the sake of cost-effective investment in energy efficiency, even though they could significantly reduce energy consumption at low cost. This term was first coined by Eric Hirst and Marilyn Brown in a paper entitled “Closing the Efficiency Gap: Barriers to the Efficient Use of Energy” in 1990.

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Energy Efficiency and Conservation Act 2000

The Energy Efficiency and Conservation Act is an Act of Parliament in New Zealand. It is administered by the Ministry for the Environment. The Act established the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority. The Act requires the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Authority to prepare a national energy efficiency and conservation strategy for approval by the Minister. The minister is required to have a national energy efficiency and conservation strategy at all times.

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Energy conservation

Energy conservation is the effort made to reduce the consumption of energy by using less energy. This can be achieved by using energy more efficiently or by reducing the amount of service used (for example, by driving less). Energy conservation is a part of the concept of eco-sufficiency. Energy conservation reduces the need for energy services and can result in higher environmental quality, national security, personal financial security and higher savings. It is at the top of the sustainable energy hierarchy. It also lowers energy costs by preventing future resource depletion. Energy efficiency and improved performance and improved operation.

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Energy audit

An energy audit is an inspection of an energy flow analysis, for energy conservation in a building, process or system to reduce the amount of energy input into the system without negatively affecting the output (s). In commercial and industrial real estate, an energy audit is the first step in identifying opportunities to reduce energy expenses and carbon footprints.

Where the object of study is an occupied building then reduces energy consumption while maintaining or improving human comfort, health and safety are of primary concern. Beyond simply identifying the sources of energy, an energy audit seeks to prioritize the energy costs according to the greatest cost effective opportunities for energy savings.

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Ecohouse

An Eco-house is an environmentally-friendly low-impact home designed and built using materials and technology that reduces its carbon footprint and lowers its energy needs. This includes: Better than normal levels of insulation Better than normal levels of daylight Good or double-triple-glazed windows Passive solar orientation – glazing oriented south for light and heat Thermal energy in solar thermal energy (HVAC)

Buildings use up huge amounts of energy. Some calculations make it as much as 70% of all the energy used in the UK when all the factors are taken into account. This energy is mainly for heating and lighting and is the most important of all.

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Consortium for Energy Efficiency

The Consortium for Energy Efficiency (CEE) is a nonprofit 501 (c) (3) organization that promotes the adoption of energy efficient products and services. EEC specifications are referenced by the United States Department of Energy and by the United States and Canada. The organization’s Annual Industry Report documents the efficiency industry US $ 8 billion in annual expenditures.

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Bureau of Energy Efficiency

The Office of Energy Efficiency is an agency of the Government of India, under the Ministry of Power created in March 2002 under the provisions of the 2001 Energy Conservation Act. The agency’s function is to develop programs which will increase the conservation and efficiency of energy in India. The mission of the Office of Energy Efficiency is to “institutionalize” energy efficiency services, enable delivery mechanisms in the country and provide leadership energy efficiency in all sectors of the country. The primary objective would be to reduce energy intensity in the economy. The broad objectives of BEE are as under: To exert leadership and provide policy recommendation and direction to national energy conservation and efficiency efforts. To establish a system of measurement and efficiency and to measure energy efficiency in a macro level. The Energy Conservation Act and efficient use of energy and its conservation programs. To be successful in the delivery of energy services as mandated in the EC through private-public partnerships. To interpret, plan and manage energy conservation programs in the Energy Conservation Act.

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Buildings Energy Efficiency Ordinance

To improve energy efficiency, the Hong Kong Government formulated a Energy Efficiency Ordinance (建築物 能源 效益 條例) which was passed by the Legislative Council in November 2010. Under the Ordinance, certain prescribed types of buildings have to comply with Building Energy Code (BEC) and / or Energy Audit Code (EAC). Under the Ordinance, building services installations including electrical, air-conditioning, lighting and lift and escalator installations in new built structures are required to meet the minimum energy efficiency standards and requirements Code of Practice for Energy Efficiency Building Services. Existing buildings will also be required to comply with the requirement when undergoing major retrofitting works. The standards stipulated in the Code, which were published in the last version promulgated in 2007, which have been implemented on a voluntary basis. Most of the new standards are comparable to those adopted in the US, Europe and the Asia-Pacific region. In addition, the central building services of commercial buildings and commercial buildings of composite buildings are required to carry out energy audits in accordance with the Code of Practice for Building Energy Audit every 10 years, and the results have to be displayed in a conspicuous position at the main entrance of the buildings concerned for public inspection. Implementation of the Ordinance is operated by the Electrical and Mechanical Services Department

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World Sustainable Energy Days

The World Sustainable Energy Days is an annual sustainability conference held in Austria. It hosts events in the field of sustainable energy production and use, which covers energy efficiency and energy sources for buildings, industry and transport. The events that take place during the World Sustainable Energy Days presents the latest technology trends, outstanding examples and European strategies and offers opportunities to establish new partnerships. The conference raises awareness of green energy and energy efficiency. Since 1992 every year in Austria and Austria to attend the events – in general the conference attracts between 900 and 1,000 participants from 55-60 countries. In parallel to the World Sustainable Energy Days, the Energiesparmesse, an exhibition and trade show dedicated to renewable energy sources and energy efficiency, is held. It attracts around 100,000 visitors and around 1,000 exhibiting companies. The World Sustainable Energy Days are organized by the O.Ö. Energiesparverband (O.O. Energiesparverband in German), the regional energy agency of Upper Austria.

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Wind lens

The wind lens is a modification on the wind turbine created by Professor Ohya from the Kyushu University as an attempt to be more efficient in producing electricity and less invasive to both humans and nature. While still in progress, the wind lens can be used and harnessed while changing how it impacts the world around us.

As the normal wind turbine does, the wind has reduced the energy of the wind but has a few modifications in order to increase the impact on the environment.

Studies have shown that the Wind Lens can be compared to the wind power output of the wind turbine. The turbulence created by the turbine is a result of the turbulence of the turbine, and this, in turn, increases the turnover and energy output. One way to get the most out of the wind is by using a specially shaped tube around the blades. The tube, or shroud, is shaped like a magnifying glass for wind. The broadcast, which is smaller in the front and bigger in the back, and more efficient production of power. In addition to the diffused shape of the shroud, the back has a brim. This brim disturbs the wind which causes vortexes that cause a low pressure area to be formed behind the wind lens. The wind then flows to the low pressure area through the blades of the wind lens. The increased airflow through the blades leads to another reason of higher power production. The diffusion shape and the brim This results in a higher amount of energy than is produced.

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Green Power Partnership

The United States Environmental Protection Agency’s Green Power Partnership is a voluntary program that supports the organization of green power by providing expert advice, technical support, tools and resources. Green Power Partnership provides public health and environmental benefits by expanding US renewable energy markets through the voluntary use of green power. The EPA defines ‘green power’ as a subset of renewable energy and ‘represents those renewable energy resources and technologies that provide the highest environmental benefits’, with electricity produced from solar, wind, geothermal, biogas, biomass, and low-impact small hydroelectric sources listed as types of green power. Key program elements include:

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Territorialisation of carbon governance

Territorialization of Carbon Governance (ToCG) is a concept used in political geography or environmental policy which is considered to be a new logic of environmental governance. This method creates carbon-rising citizens who become enrolled in the process of governing the climate. The territorialization of carbon governance transforms climate change from a global to local issue. It embodies political practices that serve to connect the causes and consequences of global climate change to local communities. The commitment to reducing greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) has been a key component of sustainability within the governance of the early 1990s. The ICLEI – Local Governments for Sustainability is an international association of local governments towns and the associated 70 countries in their commitment to sustainable development. IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the Rio Earth Summit and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). These organizations strive to tackle anthropogenic forces which are increasing risks of global warming. Under the territorialization of carbon, climate and global flows of carbon are considered as ‘national sinks’. This is a means by which the carbon cycle can be managed and territorialized through a global phenomenon. The act of territorialization oversees the combination of natural resources and systems. This approach can be applied to carbon management in the United States. Carbon governance can be interpreted as mitigated. This is achieved through regulating and controlling carbon activities. Measures and protocols exist in an attempt to address the issues surrounding greenhouse gas emissions. Carbon governance is addressed via governmental decisions made through leadership and management. This approach can be applied to carbon management in the United States. Carbon governance can be interpreted as mitigated. This is achieved through regulating and controlling carbon activities. Measures and protocols exist in an attempt to address the issues surrounding greenhouse gas emissions. Carbon governance is addressed via governmental decisions made through leadership and management. This approach can be applied to carbon management in the United States. Carbon governance can be interpreted as mitigated. This is achieved through regulating and controlling carbon activities. Measures and protocols exist in an attempt to address the issues surrounding greenhouse gas emissions. Carbon governance is addressed via governmental decisions made through leadership and management. Carbon governance can be interpreted as mitigated. This is achieved through regulating and controlling carbon activities. Measures and protocols exist in an attempt to address the issues surrounding greenhouse gas emissions. Carbon governance is addressed via governmental decisions made through leadership and management. Carbon governance can be interpreted as mitigated. This is achieved through regulating and controlling carbon activities. Measures and protocols exist in an attempt to address the issues surrounding greenhouse gas emissions. Carbon governance is addressed via governmental decisions made through leadership and management.

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Sustainable Energy for All

Sustainable Energy for All (SE4ALL) is a global initiative led by the Secretary-General of the United Nations, Ban Ki-moon to achieve universal energy access, improve energy efficiency, and increase the use of renewable energy. It was launched to coincide with the designation of 2012 as the International Year of Sustainable Energy for All by the UN General Assembly in December 2010.

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Sustainable biofuel

Sustainable biofuel is biofuel produced in a sustainable manner.

In 2008, the Roundtable for Sustainable Biofuels released its proposed standards for sustainable biofuels. This includes 12 principles: “The EU Renewable Energy Directive requires that the emissions of biofuels be at least 50 percent less than the equivalent emissions of gasoline or diesel by 2017 (and 35 percent less starting in 2011). Also, the feedstocks for biofuels “should not be harvested from high biodiversity value lands, from carbon-rich or forested land, or from wetlands”. “As with the EU, the US Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) and the California Low Carbon Fuel Standard (LCFS) both require specific levels of fuel economy. The RFS requires less than half of the production biofuels mandated by 2022 should reduce lifecycle emissions by 50 percent. The LCFS is a performance standard that calls for a minimum of 10 percent emissions per unit of energy transport by 2020. Both the US and California associated with liquid biofuels in the future “. In 2009, Brazil also adopted new sustainability policies for sugarcane ethanol, including “zoning regulation of sugarcane expansion and social protocols”. and California standards currently address only greenhouse gas emissions, but California plans to “expand its policy to address other sustainability issues associated with liquid biofuels in the future”. In 2009, Brazil also adopted new sustainability policies for sugarcane ethanol, including “zoning regulation of sugarcane expansion and social protocols”. and California standards currently address only greenhouse gas emissions, but California plans to “expand its policy to address other sustainability issues associated with liquid biofuels in the future”. In 2009, Brazil also adopted new sustainability policies for sugarcane ethanol, including “zoning regulation of sugarcane expansion and social protocols”.

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Southeast Propane Autogas Development Program

The Southeast Propane Autogas Development Program is an initiative focused on converting public and private fleet vehicles to propane autogas in the Southeastern United States. It is the largest Clean Cities fuel conversion vehicle conversion program in history. The program is partially funded by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA) through the United States Department of Energy Clean Coalition Cities.

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Siva Power

Siva Power, Inc. is an American solar power company that develops thin-film technology. The company designs and manufactures copper indium gallium deselenide (CIGS) photovoltaics. Siva Power is based in San Jose, California. Bruce Sohn is CEO and Brad Mattson is Chairman.

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Renewables.ninja

Renewables.ninja is a web tool developed by Imperial College London and ETH Zurich that shows the estimate amount of energy that could be generated by wind or solar farms at any location. The model has been tested by Iain Staffell who is the Co-developer of renewables.ninja, from the Center for Environmental Policy at Imperial College London, and Stefan Pfenninger from ETH Zurich to estimate the productivity of all wind farms in Europe for the next 20 years. German electrical supplier RWE are using it to test their own models of output.

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Assaad W. Razzouk

Assaad Wajdi Razzouk (Born in 1964 in Beirut, Lebanon) is a Lebanese-British clean energy entrepreneur, investor and art gallery owner.

Assaad Razzouk is the Group Chief Executive Officer of Sindicatum Sustainable Resources, which he co-founded in London in 2005. Sindicatum is an award-winning developer, owner and operator of clean energy projects worldwide and a producer of sustainable natural resources and waste . Assaad Razzouk is also the founder of South East Asia’s first Middle Eastern contemporary art gallery, Sana Gallery in Singapore .; is affiliated with Washington, DC Middle East Institute as an Expert at the Middle East – Asia Project; on the Advisory Board of the Hong Kong-based Association for Sustainable & Responsible Investment in Asia (ASrIA), is a Member of the Board of the Climate Markets & Investment Association and is an independent Board Member of Cedrus Invest Bank sal From 1993 to 2002,

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NHS Sustainable Development Unit

The Sustainable Development Unit (SDU) is a British Government Agency with the purpose of embedding the principles of sustainable development, social value and the broader determinants of health and social care in England. The SDU develops tools, policy and research to help people and organizations to promote sustainable development and adapt to climate change. The SDU is co-funded by NHS England and Public Health England and hosted by NHS England. It has a cross-system advisory group that includes the Department of Health, DEFRA and most of the major national health agencies. The SDU calculated the first comprehensive carbon footprint for the NHS in 2008 and in 2012 for the whole health and social care system. The Supply Chain Carbon Emissions in 2008 and recognizing that it was impossible to achieve its carbon emissions targets. SDU staff are based in Cambridge.

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Nedjib (Ned) Djilali

Nedjib (Ned) Djilali (born August 1, 1953) is a Canadian engineering professor and researcher specializing in sustainable energy and thermofluid sciences. He holds the Canada Research Chair in Advanced Energy Systems Design and Computational Modeling at the University of Victoria. Djilali is a Highly Cited Researcher, and a fellow of both the Canadian Academy of Engineering (2010) and the Royal Society of Canada (2013).

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Mission Innovation

Mission Innovation (MI) is a global initiative of 22 countries and the European Commission. Mission Innovation Recognized that accelerating widespread clean energy is an essential part of an effective, long-term global response to the climate challenge, to provide affordable and reliable energy for everyone and to promote economic growth, and critical for energy security. Member countries, representing 58% of the world’s population and over 80% of global clean energy research budgets, have committed to double their government investment in clean energy research and innovation over five years to 2021.

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Microgeneration

Microgeneration is the small-scale generation of heat and electric power by individuals, small businesses and communities to meet their own needs, as alternatives or supplements to traditional centralized grid-connected power. Although this may be motivated by practical considerations, such as is unreliable grid power or long distance from the electrical grid, the term is mainly used for environmentally conscious approaches that aspire to zero or low-carbon footprints or cost reduction. It differs from micropower in that it is principally concerned with fixed power plants rather than for use with mobile devices.

Microgeneration technologies include small-scale wind turbines, micro hydro, solar PV systems, microbial fuel cells, ground source heat pumps, and micro combined heat and power installations. These technologies are often combined to form a hybrid power solution that can offer a higher performance and lower cost than a system based on one generator.

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MeyGen

MeyGen (full name MeyGen tidal energy project) is the world’s largest tidal energy plant, which is currently in construction. The project uses 1.5 MW turbines with 16m rotor diameter turbines submerged on the seabed. The project is owned and run by Tidal Power Limited Scotland and Scottish Enterprise. The high speed of currents in the area, reaching up to 5 meters per second (11 mph), made the chosen site in the Pentland Firth well suited to this type of energy generation. In October 2010 the newly named “MeyGen” tidal project from the nearby Castle of Mey and “Gen” for creation was created by a consortium of Atlantis Resources Limited, Morgan Stanley and received an operating lease from the Crown Estate to a 400 MW project for 25 years. Phase 1a began operations in April 2018. Phase 1b is undergoing construction and commissioning with a total of 8 1.5 MW turbines planned. Phase 1c, which will be 49 turbines, will begin in 2018 with the rest of the project will be fully deployed by 2021. In December 2016 it was announced that the first turbine had full power operations, and all four turbines were installed by February 2017. Atlantis plans for 400 MW.

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Greenhouse Solutions with Sustainable Energy

Greenhouse Solutions with Sustainable Energy is a 2007 book by Australian Academic Mark Diesendorf. The book puts forward a set of policies and strategies for implementing the most promising clean energy technologies by all spheres of government, business and community organizations. Greenhouse Solutions with Sustainable Energy suggests a mix of energy efficient, renewable energy sources, and natural gas (as a transitional fuel).

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Green House Data

Green House Data is a data center services provider headquartered in Cheyenne, Wyoming, United States. Cheyenne is home to a 45,000 square feet of data center, administrative and technical support offices. The company has additional data center rentals in Washington, DC, Oregon, Georgia, Texas, New Jersey, and New York, with sales and marketing offices in Laramie and Denver, Colorado.

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Green Energy Hub

The Green Energy Hub is a region in the Canadian province of Ontario that extends to Port Rowan, as far north as Dunnville, and Lake Erie. Counties covered by the Green Energy Hub include Brant County, Haldimand County and Norfolk County. As a result of the programs that were initiated in the Green Energy Hub, the air has become cleaner between the years 2000 and 2010. However, increasing levels of greenhouse gas emissions have increased. 2011. Simcoe, an important community located in the Green Energy Hub, is one of the largest cities in London, Windsor, and Sarnia due to embracing environmental programs in their area.

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Green Energy Act 2009

The Ontario Green Energy Act (GEA), formally the Green Energy and Green Economy Act, 2009, introduced in the Ontario legislature on February 23, 2009, is intended to expand renewable energy production, encourages energy conservation and create green jobs. Among many clauses, the GEA is best known for creating a number of feed-in tariffs for different types of energy sources. Notable among these is the microFIT program for small non-commercial systems under 10 kilowatts, and FIT, the larger commercial version which covers a number of project types with sizes in the megawatts. The GEA has been highly controversial in Ontario for the initial rate rates, up to 80.2 cents / kWh for small microFIT systems. It has been controversial outside of Ontario made in Ontario clauses which requires a certain amount of Ontario labor and manufacturing. Changes to the program and rates, some of them applied retroactively, had added confusion and complaints about the way the program is managed. The GEA was a major issue during the 2011 provincial elections, with the PC party threatening to cancel it outright if elected, while the Liberals supporting a primary plank of their re-election platform.

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Green bank

A green bank is a financial institution, typically public or quasi-public, that uses innovative financing techniques and market development tools in partnership with the private sector. to accelerate deployment of clean energy technologies. Green banks use public funds to leverage private investment in clean energy technologies that, despite being commercially viable, have struggled to establish a widespread presence in consumer markets. Green banks seek to reduce energy costs, private sector and economic activity, and the transition to a low-carbon economy. In the United States, green banks have been created at the state and local levels. The United Kingdom, Australia, Japan, and Malaysia have created national banks dedicated to private investment in clean energy technologies. Together, green banks around the world have driven approximately $ 30 billion of clean energy investment.

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Global Climate and Energy Project

The Global Climate and Energy Project (GCEP) at Stanford University, “seeks new solutions to the challenges of this century: supplying energy to meet the changing needs of a growing world population.” Beginning in December 2002, GCEP is a 10-year, $ 225m research project aimed at developing new energy technologies. These new energy technologies include CO 2 capture and storage, hydrogen storage and electrocatalysis. It has the support of four major companies – ExxonMobil, General Electric, Schlumberger, and Toyota. Under the heading “Grand Challenge”, it identifies a global warming-related need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions through future energy development.

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Fossil fuel divestment

Fossil fuel divestment gold fossil fuel divestment and investment in climate solutions is the removal of assets from stocks, bonds, and investment funds from companies involved in extracting fossil fuels, in an attempt to reduce climate change by tackling its ultimate causes. Numerous groups advocate fossil fuel divestment, which in 2015 was reportedly the fastest growing divestment movement in history. Beginning on campuses in the United States in 2010 with students urging their administrations to turn into the fossil fuel industry into the world of energy and the most impacted by climate change, the movement soon spread across the globe. By December 2016, a total of 688 institutions and over 58,000 individuals representing $ 5.5 trillion in assets worldwide divested from fossil fuels.

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Flisom

Flisom is a developer and manufacturer of photovoltaic (PV) thin film solar cells, located near Zurich, Switzerland. The company produces high-efficiency CIGS thin film solar modules on flexible plastic foil using proprietary roll-to-roll manufacturing techniques. The innovative manufacturing technology enables a competitive price comparison with PV production systems. In addition, the lightweight, flexible, jet-black and thin solar panels can be used to provide integrated solar PV systems. This is about half the cost of PV technology based on crystalline silicon. Potential applications for flexible lightweight CIGS modules include built-in photovoltaics (BIPV), applied photovoltaics (BAPV),

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FEDARENE

FEDARENE (European Federation of Agencies and Regions for Energy and Environment) is the first European network of regional and local organizations which implement, co-ordinate and facilitate energy and environment policies. Regional and local agencies, regional governments and departments working in these fields, are represented in FEDARENE. FEDARENE, an international non-profit association set up in 1990 at the initiative of 6 European regions, now has 70 member regions from 20 European Union countries and Norway.

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Energy Sector Management Assistance Program

The Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP) is a global knowledge and technical assistance program run by the World Bank. Its mission is to assist low- and middle-income countries to increase their know-how and institutional capacity to achieve environmentally sustainable energy solutions for poverty reduction and economic growth. Since its inception in 1983, ESMAP has supported more than 800 energy-sector activities that promote poverty reduction, economic growth and low carbon development in over 100 countries. FOCUS AREAS Energy Security To help ensure long-term energy security, countries are looking closely at renewable energy, efficiency and technologies, diversification of supply, and improved sector performance. ESMAP assists its customers to carry out energy assessments and develop strategies to enhance sector planning, regulation, and governance. Energy Access About US $ 20 billion a year on low-quality, fuel-based lighting. Respiratory diseases are spread among the 2.7 billion people who still rely on biomass for cooking, with women and children hit the hardest. ESMAP supports initiatives to reduce energy poverty by expanding access to modern, secure, affordable and sustainable energy services. ESMAP’s energy access work covers electrification and household energy needs in rural areas and for urban poor. Climate Change Climate change will directly affect energy resource endowments, infrastructure, and transportation, as well as energy demand. ESMAP assists client countries to integrate climate change mitigation and adaptation options into energy sector planning. ESMAP also supports the scale-up of renewable energy through resource assessments, strategy development, and policy and institutional development.

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Energy autarkic/autonomic habitats

The purpose of energy-autarkic habitats is to be independent of third parties concerning energy consumption for living. This material can be based and resource-efficiency respective material, living space and energy. Autarky can be defined as the quality of being self-sufficient. As a self-employed person, it is morally only for the sake of doing “good”, independently of other incentives. In the past, people have had to live with a certain degree of self-sufficiency in their lives. network of proving these needs has been established (craft, trade, profession). In times of the industrialization which led to a destiny of dependency but made live “easier”. Nowadays there is a trend “back to the roots” – being independent of coal, renewable energy (wind, sun, water, wood).

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Efficient energy use

Efficient energy use, sometimes simply called energy efficiency, is the goal to reduce the amount of energy required to provide products and services. For example, insulating a home allows a building to use heating and cooling energy to achieve and maintain a comfortable temperature. Installing LED lighting, fluorescent lighting, natural gold skylight windows reduces the amount of energy required to attain the level of illumination compared to using traditional incandescent light bulbs. Improvements in energy efficiency achieved by the method of production or the production of energy. There are many motivations to improve energy efficiency. Reducing energy use and saving energy savings can be cost effective. Reducing energy is also a solution to the problem of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. According to the International Energy Agency, improved energy efficiency in buildings, industrial processes and transportation could reduce the world’s energy needs in 2050 by one third. Another important solution is to remove government-led energy subsidies that promote high energy consumption and inefficient energy use in more than half of the world. Energy efficiency and renewable energy are the two pillars of sustainable energy. In many countries, energy efficiency is also important because it can be used to reduce energy costs.

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Crowd Farm

The Crowd Farm is a project conceived by MIT students Tad Juscyzk and James Graham and announced at the Holcim Forum 2007 awards ceremony. The goal of the project is to convert the energy of man The design began for Graham experiencing the 2003 New York City blackout and Juscyzk attending Boston’s World Cup celebration in City Hall Plaza, by Thomas Edison. water in his holding tank, “says Graham .. Examples of locations generating large quantities of human movement are commuters in a train station or fans at a concert.

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Clean Energy Act 2011

The Clean Energy Act 2011 was an Act of the Australian Parliament, the main Act in a package of legislation that established an Australian emissions trading scheme (ETS), to be preceded by a three-year period of fixed carbon pricing in Australia designed to reduce carbon dioxide emissions as part of efforts to combat global warming. The package was introduced by the Gillard Labor Government in February 2011 and was repealed by the Abbott Government on July 17, 2014, backdated to July 1, 2014.

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Business Action for Energy

Business Action for Energy (BAE) is a business network set up to give input to the UN Commission on Sustainable Development. The Business Action for Sustainable Development (BASD) was a temporary initiative developed around the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD, Johannesburg, 2002). This initiative was a resounding success and this model for positive business co-operation. Businesses positive participation must be continued in the international debate and on-the-ground projects, through partnerships and initiatives that can make a significant contribution to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals and the Johannesburg Declaration. Set up in January 2005 by three founding organizations – the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC),

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Bettery Inc.

BETTERY Inc. was privately held company based in Portland, Oregon. It provides a retail store-based reusable exchange rate service to consumers. BETTERY kiosks or “Swap Stations” allow you to buy AA or AAA batteries that can be used just like any other single use battery. Once drained, the batteries can be fully tested. The company has been in the Pacific Northwest and is located in the Pacific Northwest. The BETTERY brand was sold in 2014 to Green Box Batteries, LLC, in Tacoma, WA privately held company. Green Box Batteries, LLC has re-launched the Netflix did for DVD rentals.

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Anbaric Development Partners

Anbaric Development Partners (Anbaric) is an American electric power transmission and microgrid development company located in Wakefield, Massachusetts. The company develops smart grid, renewable energy, and large-scale electric transmission projects that use high-voltage direct current (HVDC) technology for customers in the United States and internationally.

Anbaric delivers power from energy producers to population centers through the use of underground and submarine transmission lines. Anbaric specializes in the development stages of transmission projects including designing, designing, and leading projects’ proposal processes, which can take years. Its customers include governments, investor-owned utilities, and public power generators. The company’s headquarters are located in Wakefield, Massachusetts.

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