Energy-Efficient Ethernet (EEE) is a set of enhancements to the twisted-pair and backplane Ethernet family of computer networking standards that reduce power consumption during periods of low data activity. The intention is to reduce power consumption by 50% or more, while retaining full compatibility with existing equipment. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), through the IEEE 802.3az task force developed the standard. The first study was held in May 2007. The IEEE ratified the final standard in September 2010. Some companies introduced technology to reduce the need for Ethernet before the standard was ratified, using the name Green Ethernet.

In 2005, all the network interface controllers in the United States (in computer, switches, and routers) used an estimated 5.3 terawatt-hours of electricity. According to a researcher at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Energy-Efficient Ethernet can potentially save an estimated US $ 450 million in US $ 200 million, and offices ($ 170 million), and the remaining $ 80 million from data centers.

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Energy recycling is the energy recovery process of utilizing energy that would normally be wasted, usually by converting it into electricity or thermal energy. Undertaken at manufacturing facilities, power plants, and large institutions such as hospitals and universities, The process is noted for its potential to mitigate global warming profitably. This work is usually done in the form of combined heat and power (also called cogeneration) or waste heat recovery.

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An Energy Neutral Design is a Design of any type (Website, Multi-media, Architecture, Art, Music, Entertainment, etc.) that has the environment and low energy consumption practices in all stages of planning and production. Energy neutral design, where devices absorb or harvest energy from the immediate surroundings and transform it to the electricity they require for their operation. One example of this is the Batteryless_radio. More recently, there is no need for energy neutral networks where light, heat, motion or other forms of energy are converted to electricity.

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Energi Mine is a United Kingdom based blockchain technology company, which develops products in the energy management sector. It uses deep learning artificial intelligence models to trade and manage energy. In February 2018, Energi Mine completed an Initial Coin Offering (ICO). Energi Mine has a blockchain-driven platform that decentralizes the global energy market by incentivizing energy conservation. Consumers and organizations are issued with ETK Tokens to reward energy efficient behavior. The tokens can be used to pay electricity bills, buy energy-efficient appliances and take public transport. The company was founded in 2016 by Omar Rahim, who serves as its CEO. Energi Mine was covered in the news when it appointed an AI robot, Sasha to its management board to make make algorithmic decisions.

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Efficiency Vermont is a program that promotes energy efficiency across the state of Vermont. Created in 2000 at the Vermont Public Service Board, it has been reduced in recent years. It is sometimes referred to as an energy efficiency utility. It is operated by the nonprofit Vermont Energy Investment Corporation.

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Ecomechatronics is an engineering approach to developing and applying mechatronical technology in order to reduce the ecological impact and total cost of ownership of machines. It builds on the integrative approach of mechatronics, but with the aim of only improving the functionality of a machine. Mechatronics is the multidisciplinary field of science and engineering that merges mechanics, electronics, control theory, and computer science to improve and optimize product design and manufacturing. In ecomechatronics, additionally, functionality should be used with efficiency and limited impact on resources. Machine improvements are targeted in 3 key areas: energy efficiency, performance and user comfort (noise & vibration).

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Launched at the beginning of 2005 with support from the Intelligent Energy Europe program. the ECOHEATCOOL project carried out by Euroheat & Power, in co-operation with 13 partners across Europe was concluded at the end of December 2006. The project assessed the heating and cooling markets, looked for possibilities for the district heating and district cooling in Europe, provided recommendations for a tool maker and a tool for assessing the efficiency of district heating and cooling systems. The project has shown that it can be used in many ways to improve the efficiency of the production of heat and energy. as different forms of renewable heat (i. e. geothermal, heat / cold from deep-sea or lake water). The Ecoheatcool project has become a reference for district heating and cooling sector, its findings being used in the arguments provided to European Union and national policy makers. It enabled the development of a vision, quantification of the benefits which the district heating and cooling of the EU policy objectives: energy efficiency, environmental protection, security of supply , and evaluation of the costs.

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The EcoCute is an energy efficient electric heat pump, water heating and supply system that uses heat extracted from the air to heat water for domestic, industrial and commercial use. Instead of the more conventional ammonia or haloalkane gases, EcoCute uses supercritical carbon dioxide as a refrigerant. The technology offers a means of energy conservation and reduces the emission of greenhouse gas.

The name of the EcoCute comes from the Japanese phrase, which literally means “natural refrigerant heat pump water heater”. Eco is a contraction of either ecology or economics. literally “supply hot water.”

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Earth sheltering is the architectural practice of the earth’s energy supply, and reduces the temperature of the atmosphere. Earth sheltering has become relatively more popular in modern times, especially among environmentalists and advocates of passive solar and sustainable architecture. However, the practice has been around for as long as humans have been constructing their own shelters.

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Earth Hour is a worldwide movement organized by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF). The event is held to encourage individuals, communities, and businesses to turn off non-essential electric lights for one hour, from 8:30 to 9:30 pm on a specific day to the end of March planet. It was started in Sydney, Australia, in 2007. Since then, it has grown to more than 7,000 cities and towns across 187 countries and territories. Occasionally, in years when Holy Saturday falls on the last Saturday of March, Earth Hour is moved to a week early rather than its traditional date. Earth Hour 2018 was on March 24, from 8:30 pm to 9:30 pm.Earth Hour 2019 is scheduled for March 30, from 8:30 pm to 9:30 pm.

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Dynamic voltage scaling is a power management technique in computer architecture, where the voltage in a component is increased or decreased, depending on circumstances. Dynamic voltage scaling to increase voltage is known as overvolting; dynamic voltage scaling to decrease voltage is known as undervolting. Uncertainty in the form of power, particularly in the case of laptops and other mobile devices, where energy is limited, or in rare cases, to increase reliability. Overvolting is done in order to increase computer performance. The term “overvolting” is also used to increase the speed of overclocking.

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Dynamic frequency scaling (also known as CPU throttling) is a technique in computer architecture that allows the frequency of a microprocessor to be adjusted. . Dynamic frequency scaling helps to reduce the cost of noise and reduce the cost of noise and overcompensation (eg after poor overclocking). Dynamic frequency scaling is used in all ranges of computing systems, ranging from mobile systems to data centers to reduce the power of the times of low workload.

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Ductwork airtightness can be defined as the resistance to inward air leakage through the ductwork envelope (or ductwork shell). This air leakage is driven by differential pressure in the ductwork envelope of the combined effects of stack and fan operation (in case of a mechanical ventilation system). For a given HVAC system, the term ductwork refers to the set of ducts and fittings (tees, reducers, bends, etc.) that are used to supply the air to or from the air. It does not include such components as air handlers, heat recovery units, air terminal devices, coils. Attenuators, dampers, access panels, etc. are a part of the ductwork, but they do not have the same function as ductwork. Ductwork airtightness is the fundamental ductwork that impacts the leakage of air through duct leaks. Typical reasons for poor ductwork airtightness include: In the US, there is a significant amount of work-saving energy saving potentials on the order of 20-30% in homes; and 10-40% in commercial buildings with airtight ducts The ASIEPI project technical report on construction and ductwork airtightness estimated the heating energy impact of duct leakage in a ventilation system on the order of 0-5 kWh per m 2 of floor area per year more additional fan energy for a moderately cold European region (2500 degree-days). Duct leakage affects more severely the energy efficiency of systems that include air heating or cooling. Continue reading “Ductwork airtightness” →

Drammen Fjernvarme District Heating is a district heating system in Drammen, Norway, a regional capital some 65km west of Oslo. The heat pump was manufactured by Star Refrigeration in 2011 with 3 systems giving a combined capacity of 14 megawatts to central Drammen providing 85% of hot water needed for the city. The district heating system is owned and operated by Drammen Fjernvarme who has the rights to the concession area given by the Drammen Municipality. This requires all new buildings larger than 1000 m 2 to be built with a water-based heating system and connected to the district heating system. The heat pump uses the natural refrigerant ammonia that has a zero global warming potential and is not a greenhouse gas. The heat source is seawater that is taken in around 8 or 9 ° C from a depth of 18 m and is cooled by low pressure liquid refrigerant. Using a vapor-compression refrigeration cycle, the system heats district water from 65 ° C to 90 ° C for use in building heating and hot water systems. Continue reading “Drammen Heat Pump” →

The Drake Landing Solar Community (DLSC) is a planned community in Okotoks, Alberta, Canada, with a central solar heating system and other energy efficient technology. This heating system is the first of its kind in North America. The 52 homes in the community are heated with a solar district heating system that is equipped with solar thermal energy storage (STES). The system was designed to model global warming and the burning of fossil fuels. The solar energy is captured by 800 solar thermal collectors located on the roofs of all 52 houses’ garages. It is billed in the North America, it is a source of electricity. In 2012 the installation achieved a record world solar fraction of 97%; that is, providing that amount of energy to the environment.

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The double-skin facade is a system of building two skins, or facades, placed in such a way that flows into the intermediate cavity. The ventilation of the cavity can be natural, fan supported or mechanical. Apart from the type of ventilation inside the cavity, the use of the building, the location of the building and the HVAC strategy. The glass skins can be single or double glazing units with a distance of 20 cm up to 2 meters. Often, for protection and heat extraction during the cooling period, solar shading devices are placed inside the cavity.

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Insulating glass (IG), which is more commonly known as double glazing (or double-pane, and increased triple glazing / pane), consists of two or three glass panes separated by a vacuum or gas filled space. the building envelope. Insulating glass units (IGUs) are manufactured with glass in thickness from 3 to 10 mm (1/8 “to 3/8”) or more in special applications. Laminated or tempered glass may also be used as part of the construction. Most units are produced with the same thickness of glass as they require.

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District heating is a system for distributed heat generated in a centralized location for residential and commercial heating. The heat is often obtained from a fossil fuel burning plant but also biomass, heat-only boiler stations, geothermal heating, heat pumps and central heating are also used. District heating plants can provide greater efficiencies and better pollution control than localized boilers. According to some research, the district heating and combined heat and power (CHPDH) is the cheapest method of cutting carbon emissions, and has one of the lowest carbon footprints of all fossil generation plants. A combination of CHP and centralized heat pumps are used in the Stockholm multi energy system. This allows the production of heat when there is an abundance of intermittent power generation and power generation and intermittent power generation.

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A degree is a measure of heating or cooling. Total degree days from an appropriate starting date are used to plan the planting of crops and management of pests and pest control timing. Weekly or monthly degree-day figures may also be used in an energy monitoring and targeting scheme to monitor the heating and cooling costs of climate controlled buildings, while annual figures may be used for estimating future costs. A degree day is computed as the integral of a function of time that varies with temperature. The function is truncated to upper and lower bounds, which are appropriate for climate control. The function can be estimated by one of the following methods, in each case by reference to a chosen base temperature: Heating degree days are typical indicators of household energy consumption for space heating. The air temperature in a building is on average higher than that of the outside air. A temperature of indoors corresponds to an outside temperature of about. If the air temperature is below 15.5 ° C, then heating is required to maintain a temperature of about 18 ° C. If the outside temperature is below the average temperature it is accounted as 1 degree-day. The sum of the degree days and the period of heating are used in calculating the amount of heating required for a building. Degree Days are also used to estimate air conditioning during the warm season. A temperature of indoors corresponds to an outside temperature of about. If the air temperature is below 15.5 ° C, then heating is required to maintain a temperature of about 18 ° C. If the outside temperature is below the average temperature it is accounted as 1 degree-day. The sum of the degree days and the period of heating are used in calculating the amount of heating required for a building. Degree Days are also used to estimate air conditioning during the warm season. A temperature of indoors corresponds to an outside temperature of about. If the air temperature is below 15.5 ° C, then heating is required to maintain a temperature of about 18 ° C. If the outside temperature is below the average temperature it is accounted as 1 degree-day. The sum of the degree days and the period of heating are used in calculating the amount of heating required for a building. Degree Days are also used to estimate air conditioning during the warm season. The sum of the degree days and the period of heating are used in calculating the amount of heating required for a building. Degree Days are also used to estimate air conditioning during the warm season. The sum of the degree days and the period of heating are used in calculating the amount of heating required for a building. Degree Days are also used to estimate air conditioning during the warm season.

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Data center infrastructure management (DCIM) represents any set of tools (including software programs and hardware devices in the form of computer parts, drives, cables, etc.) that help organize and manage information stored in a data center. The energy required to organize and store large amounts of data can be used in the context of data management (DCIM represents a class of products and services “) designed to assist the growing global demand for the electronic storage of information, Whether it is becoming more efficient and more secure and more secure and more secure and more secure (http://www.youtube.com/wfp Full DCIM “deployments” may involve specialized software, hardware and sensors, but most do not. The rapid evolution of the DCIM marketplace has helped set up metrics such as metrics like power usage effectiveness, CUE, and data center energy productivity as well as sales-driven metrics such as PAR4 (server power usage) and Data center predictive modeling. Since its identification as a missing component for optimized data center management, the broad DCIM category has been in a range of point-solutions and hardware-vendor offerings intended to address this void. The analyst firm Gartner Research has started with a more comprehensive set of capabilities. DCIM Suite vendors number less than two dozen in 2014, and consist of software that is widely available and integrated in nature. The existing suites may be affected by one or more of the following: 1) IT asset lifecycle management or 2) facilities monitoring and access. It is likely that for an extended period of time, the DCIM Suites that will continue to have their core strength in one discipline or the other, but not the same. Important to note that there are dozens of other vendors whose technologies directly support or enhance the DCIM suites. In general, these specialists’ offerings can also be used as a stand-alone solution to a specific set of data center management needs. In the fourth quarter of 2014, Gartner released their Magic Quadrant and Critical Capabilities Report which are the first tangible approach to a quantitative comparison of the values ​​of each vendor has to offer. The Magic Quadrant focused on 17 vendors, while the Critical Capabilities Report discussed just 7 that they considered broad enough to compare. DCIM alliances and partnerships with various other DCIM vendors to complete their own management picture. The inefficiencies seen previously in the world of energy and energy are simply too expensive for end-users and vendors alike in the energy-conscious world we live in. These multibillion-dollar broad framework providers include Hewlett-Packard, BMC, IBM and IBM / Tivoli and have promised DCIM will be part of their overall management structure. Today, each is defining their approach in doing so through organic and collaborative efforts. DCIM Suite and DCIM Specialist software vendors who offer varied DCIM capabilities including one or more of the following; Capacity Planning, 3D Visualization, Real-Time Monitoring, Cable / Connectivity Management, Environmental / Energy sensors, business analytics (including financial modeling), Process / Change Management and integration with various types of external management systems and data sources. In 2011 some predicted data center management domains would converge across the logical and physical layers. This type of converged management environment will be eliminated.

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Data Center Infrastructure Efficiency (DCIE), is a performance improvement metric used to calculate the energy efficiency of a data center. DCIE is the percentage value derived, by dividing information technology equipment power by total facility power.

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Consolidated Power Generation occurs when the total number of energy changing devices, such as automobile engines, decreases, while the total amount of usable energy increases or stays the same. The consolidation of hydrocarbon power generation to electrical power, and increased output of electricity. Currently, the prime example of this metamorphosis is the shift from hydrocarbon powered combustion engines to electricity. A requirement for consolidation is the acceptance of a “common” form of energy, such as electricity, to be the predominant one. The prime environment for the generation of electricity is the replacement of combustion engines with electric vehicles, Even if the electricity was produced in coal plants by This would consolidate hydrocarbon power generation from small to large power plants. In doing so, it would also be consolidated, which would allow for more regulation, and would also increase the availability of the environment. This would be a gradual and realistic step.

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Computer recycling, electronic recycling or e-waste recycling is the disassembly and separation of components and raw materials of waste electronics. Although the procedures of re-use, donation and repair are not strictly recycling, they are other common sustainable ways to dispose of IT waste. In 2009, 38% of computers and a quarter of total electronic waste were recycled in the United States, 5% and 3% up from 3 years prior respectively. Since its inception in the early 1990s, more and more Electronic recycling is chiefly involved in the recovery of rare earth metals and precious metals, which are in short supply, as well as plastics and metals. These are resold or used in new devices after purification, in effect creating a circular economy. However, it can also be used in other ways than in the past, but it can be used in other ways than in other parts of the world. Recycling is considered environmentally friendly because it contains hazardous waste, including heavy metals and carcinogens, from entering the atmosphere, landfill or waterways. While electronics are a small fraction of total waste generated, they are far more dangerous. The most notable being the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive of the European Union and the United States National Computer Recycling Act.

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CLASP, formerly the Collaborative Labeling and Appliance Standards Program, improves the energy and environmental performance of the appliances and equipment we use every day, accelerating our transition to a more sustainable world. CLASP serves as the leading international voice & resource for energy efficiency policies and market acceleration initiatives. From the power of solar energy to climate change, the energy efficiency of climate change, CLASP programs increase of low-impact, low-impact, high-quality appliances. Appliances are a big part of our lives. Smart phones keep us connected. Heating, cooling, and lighting improve productivity and safety. Refrigeration protects the food we harvest and eat. Without much thought, we interact with energy and resource-consuming products every day. But they also use energy and livelihoods. Recent analyzes indicate that air conditioning, not cars, pose the greatest threat to our planet. As millions of households in developing and emerging economies, the world is poised to install 700 million new room air conditioners by 2030 and 1.6 billion by 2050. In terms of greenhouse gas emissions, that’s like adding several large countries to the planet. Meanwhile, nearly 3 billion people prepare their meals on inefficient, pre-modern cookstoves, or over open fires, using charcoal and biomass. An estimated 1. 2 billion people around the globe lack access to electricity altogether. Energy poverty is a major barrier to social and economic development, and the emissions generated by inefficient and dirty cooking and lighting methods pose serious health risks, especially to women and children, and are powerful climate forces. For most households living beyond the grid, electricity is far too expensive and resource intensive. On the grid, energy efficient appliances are one of the most cost-effective methods for climate change. They save money for governments and consumers alike, reduce energy demand, and bolster economic and energy security. Off the grid, energy efficient appliances with solar home systems or mini-grids to increase the availability and affordability of energy. Radically reducing the cost of off-grid energy efficient energy efficient, health, and economic outcomes for the world’s poorest people, while moving closer to a cleaner, renewably-powered energy economy. CLASP was created in 1999 as a strategic cooperation of three organizations, the International Institute for Energy Conservation (IIEC), and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). It became an independent, non profit 501 (c) 3 organization in 2005. and economic outcomes for the world’s poorest people, while moving closer to a cleaner, renewably-powered energy economy. CLASP was created in 1999 as a strategic cooperation of three organizations, the International Institute for Energy Conservation (IIEC), and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). It became an independent, non profit 501 (c) 3 organization in 2005. and economic outcomes for the world’s poorest people, while moving closer to a cleaner, renewably-powered energy economy. CLASP was created in 1999 as a strategic cooperation of three organizations, the International Institute for Energy Conservation (IIEC), and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). It became an independent, non profit 501 (c) 3 organization in 2005.

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The China Energy Label (CEL) is an energy consumption label in China, similar to the European Union energy label. Of label of of…… China. China. China China China China China China China China China China China China China China China China China China China China China China China China China China China China China China China China China 的 China China. The label includes the product’s energy efficiency class (1-5) and its energy consumption.

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Certified Measurement and Verification Professional (CMVP) is an accreditation of the Efficiency Valuation Organization (EVO) and the Association of Energy Engineers (AEE) awarded to the field of Measurement & Verification (M & V) within the energy industry. M & V field worldwide. The right to use the CMVP post-nominal is granted to those who demonstrate proficiency in M ​​& V and knowledge of the International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol (IPMVP) by passing a 4-hour written exam and meeting the required academic and practical qualifications. The CMVP has had the necessary capabilities to write an M & V Plan that adheres to the IPMVP.

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Cellular shades are a window covering used to block or filter light and insulate windows to save energy. Cell size can vary. Cell shapes hold trapped air and create a barrier between the window surface and the room. Since there is no test for them, they qualify for a US energy tax credit. Windows and doors make up for one-third of a home’s total thermal loss, according to the Natural Resources Defense Council. This applies to heat loss in winter, and entry of undesired heat in summer. When it is in the room, it is cooled or warmed. By convection this air circulates around the room. Cell shapes in the blinds are trapped air and create a barrier between the window surface and the room. Shades, however, provide only slight control of air infiltration. Continue reading “Cellular shades” →

A carbon emission label or carbon label describes the carbon dioxide emissions as a product of manufacturing, transporting, or disposing of a product. This information is important to consumers and their contribution to global warming made by their purchases.

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A carbon diet refers to reducing the impact on climate change by reducing greenhouse gas production, CO2 production. In today’s society, humans produce CO2 in every day activities such as driving, heating, deforestation and the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil and gas. It has been found that carbon dioxide from the burning of coal, natural gas, and oil for electricity is the largest single source of global greenhouse gas emissions. For years, governments and corporations have been attempting to balance their emissions by participating in carbon-offsetting – the practice in which they invest in renewable energy to compensate for global-warming pollution that they produce. Despite these efforts the results are still far off and we continue to see growth in CO2 concentration. Now, A growing number of individuals is trying to make a reduction in the amount of CO2 that is being produced by participating in low carbon dieting. This small adjustment in household CO2 production has the potential to reduce emissions much more quickly than other kinds of changes and it. It can be used to help avoid overshoot of greenhouse gas concentration targets; provide a demonstration effect; reduce emissions at low cost; and buy time to develop new technologies, policies, and institutions to reach long-term greenhouse gas emission targets and to develop adaptation strategies. This small adjustment in household CO2 production has the potential to reduce emissions much more quickly than other kinds of changes and it. It can be used to help avoid overshoot of greenhouse gas concentration targets; provide a demonstration effect; reduce emissions at low cost; and buy time to develop new technologies, policies, and institutions to reach long-term greenhouse gas emission targets and to develop adaptation strategies. This small adjustment in household CO2 production has the potential to reduce emissions much more quickly than other kinds of changes and it. It can be used to help avoid overshoot of greenhouse gas concentration targets; provide a demonstration effect; reduce emissions at low cost; and buy time to develop new technologies, policies, and institutions to reach long-term greenhouse gas emission targets and to develop adaptation strategies.

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Campus Conservation Nationals (NCC) is a national competition in which colleges and universities in North America compete to reduce energy and water consumption. Participating schools aim to educate students and faculty about resource consumption and its effects on the environment. The US Green Building Council (USGBC), the Lucid Design Group, the National Wildlife Federation, and the Alliance to Save Energy. The competition lasts for three weeks, and each individual school may choose when to compete with each other. Campuses can hold individual competitions, which involves building campuses competing to have the highest discount (by percent) of electricity and / or water compared to a previously-set baseline. Many campuses also participate in a competition group, competing against other schools in their region. 2015 National Conservation Campus marks the fifth year of the competition. Recent years’ competitions resulted in an overall energy savings of over 2 million kWh each year. The first pilot competition was held in 2010, with the resulting result in 500,000 kWh of energy saved. DePauw University was the winner of the 2010 competition

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The Building Performance Database (BPD) is an anonymized database contains That energy use intensity data for Hundreds of Thousands of buildings in the United States. It is built by the Department of Energy in the United States and maintained by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Users can examine specific building type and geographic areas, compares performance trends Among similar buildings, identify and prioritize cost-saving energy efficiency improvements, and the ranks for Assessment of Likely savings from improvements thesis.

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Building performance simulation (BPS) is the use of software for predicting performance aspects of a building. The objective is to create a virtual model that is accurate to form a useful representation of the actual building. BPS forecasts the various energy and mass flows within a building, in order to evaluate one or more performance aspects using computer simulation.

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The building performance of a building or built environment, its impact on natural environment, its environment and its users. It is achieved through architectural, architectural design, efficient energy use and sustainability.

Although many buildings in the US, Canada, UK, and elsewhere claim to be “green,” “low energy,” or “high performance,” it is rarely clear on what evidence or claims. Such claims may not be credible without standardized performance measurements that are applied consistently. If claims of superior building performance are considered, it is essential that a common set of measurements be used and the results reported against meaningful benchmarks. Such protocols are also needed to give feedback to build designers and operators when measured performance does not match design intent. Continue reading “Building performance” →

Building insulation is any object in a building. While the majority of insulations are for thermal purposes, the term also applies to acoustical insulation, fire insulation, and impact insulation (eg for vibrations caused by industrial applications). Often an insulation material will be chosen for its ability to perform several of these functions at once.

Thermal insulation in buildings is an important factor in achieving thermal comfort for its occupants. Insulation reduces unwanted heat loss and increases the efficiency of heating and cooling systems. It does not really have any impact on the issue of ventilation. Cellulose fiber, wool, polystyrene, urethane foam, vermiculite, perlite, wood fiber, fiber plant (cannabis, flax, cotton, cork, etc.), recycled cotton denim, plant straw, animal fiber (sheep’s wool), cement, and earth or soil, Reflective Insulation (also known as Radiant Barrier) but it can also involve a range of designs and techniques to address main modes of heat transfer – conduction, radiation and convection materials. Many of the materials in this list of heat conduction and convection by the simple expedient of trapping large amounts of air (or other gas) in a way that results in a material that employs the low thermal conductivity of small pockets of gas, rather than the much higher conductivity of typical solids. A similar gas-trap is used in animal hair, down feathers, and in air-containing insulating fabrics. The effectiveness of Reflective Insulation (Radiant Barrier) is discussed by the Reflectivity (Emittance) of the surface with airspace facing the heat source. The effectiveness of bulk insulation is evaluated by its R – value, of which there are two – metric (US) and US customary, the former being 0.176 times the latter. For attics, it is recommended that it should be at least R-38 (US customary, R-6.7 metric). However, an R-value does not take into account the quality of construction or local environmental factors for each building. Construction quality issues include inadequate vapor barriers, and problems with draft-proofing. In addition, the properties and density of the insulation materials is critical.

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The term building engineering physics was introduced in January 2010 commissioned by The Royal Academy of Engineering. The report, entitled Engineering a Low Carbon Built Environment: The Discipline of Building Engineering Physics, presents the initiative of the Royal Academy of Engineering in the field of fossil fuel dependence while working for the future . The field of building engineering physics and the construction of a new field of engineering. The application of building engineering physics allows the construction and renovation of high performance, energy efficient buildings, while minimizing their environmental impacts. Keywords: air movement, thermal performance, control of moisture, ambient energy, acoustics, light, climate and biology. This field employs creative ways of handling these main aspects of a building’s indoor and outdoor environments. Building engineering physics is unique from other established applied sciences or engineering professions as it combines the sciences of architecture, engineering and human biology and physiology. Building engineering physics not only addresses energy efficiency and building sustainability, but also the building’s internal environment conditions that affect the comfort and performance levels of its occupants. Throughout the 20th century, a large percentage of buildings were completely dependent on fossil fuels. Rather than focusing on energy efficiency, architects and engineers were more concerned with experimenting with “new materials and structural forms” to further aesthetic ideals. Now in the 21st century, building energy performance standards are pushing towards zero carbon standards in old and new buildings. Continue reading “Building engineering physics” →

The US Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Building Energy Codes Program (BECP) was established in 1991 (originally called the Building Standards and Guidelines Program), with its activities defined by the Energy Conservation and Production Act (ECPA). 94-385), as amended, and the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) (Pub.Lu. 110-140). These statutes can be used to develop models of energy-saving codes, and to determine the status of the product. The BECP is part of DOE’s Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Building Technologies Office.

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Building airtightness (also known as airtightness envelope) can be defined as the resistance to inward or outward air leakage through a leakage point or areas in the building envelope. This air leakage is driven by the differential pressure of the stack. Airtightness is the fundamental building property that impacts infiltration and exfiltration (the uncontrolled inward and outward leakage of outdoor air through cracks, interstices or other unintentional openings of a building, caused by pressure effects of the wind and / or stack effect). An airtight building has several positive impacts when combined with an appropriate ventilation system (whether natural, mechanical, or hybrid): good building airtightness Conversely, poor airtightness may prevent achieving the desired indoor temperature conditions. From an energy point of view, it is almost always desirable to increase air tightness. However, it is often unclear how effective this dilution is and causes it to be uncontrolled and potentially poorly ventilated rooms may be sufficient. This adverse effect has been confirmed by simulated simulations in which it has been shown that typical mechanical ventilation systems are better. Air leaking across the envelope from the relatively warm & humid side to the cold & dry side of the air.

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Bottles are able to be recycled and this has a positive option. Bottles are collected via kerbside gold collection using a bottle deposit system. Bottlerecycle.org/ reveals that just 14% of all plastic packaging is recycled globally. PET bottles production is predicted to grow by about 5% a year. We are globally ABOUT 1 MILLION PLASTIC BOTTLES ARE ABOUT THE WORLD EVERY MINUTE AND ONLY ABOUT 50% ARE RECYCLED

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Blackle is a website powered by Heap Media, which aims to save energy by displaying a grayish-white background. Blackle claims having saved nearly 6 MWh of electrical energy up to December 2016, a claim currently under dispute. For comparison, the average American household consumed 11 MWh of electrical energy per year.

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A bio-energy village is a regionally oriented concept for the use of renewable energy sources in rural areas. The system uses biomass from local agriculture and forestry in a biogas powerplant to meet the complete energy requirements of a village, such as electricity and district heating. These villages tend to be self-powered and independent of external grids, despite being connected to overland grids for feeding surplus energy. The term “bio-energy village” refers to a dependence on fresh biological material as a source of energy only whereas an “ecovillage” includes a variety of networks. Examples of such villages are Jühnde near Göttingen, Mauenheim near Tuttlingen and Bollewick near Berlin in Germany.

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Appliance recycling consists of dismantling waste home appliances and scrapping their parts for reuse. Recycling appliances for their original or other purposes, involves disassembly, removal of hazardous components and destruction of the end-of-life equipment to recover materials, generally by shredding, sorting and grading. The rate at which appliances are discarded has increased with advancement. This correlation leads directly to the question of appropriate disposal. The main types of appliances are refrigerated, air conditioners, washing machines, and computers. When appliances are recycled, they can be looked upon as valuable resources. If disposed of improperly, appliances can become environmentally harmful and poison ecosystems. The strength of appliance recycling legislation varies around the world. For example recycling one refrigerator can save 10 lb. of foam insulation, and 300000 BTU of energy.

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Aluminum recycling is the process by which aluminum scrap can be reused in products after its initial production. The process involves simply re-melting the metal, which is far less expensive and energy-intensive than creating new aluminum through the electrolysis of aluminum oxide (2 3), which must first be mined from bauxite and refined using the Bayer process. Recycling aluminum scrap requires only 5% of the energy used to make new aluminum from the raw ore. For this reason, approximately 36% of all aluminum produced in the United States comes from old recycled scrap. Used beverage containers are the largest component of aluminum scrap, and most of it is manufactured in aluminum cans.

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An air source heat pump (ASHP) is a system that transfers heat to outside a building, or vice versa. Under the principles of vapor compression refrigeration, an ASHP uses a refrigerant system involving a compressor and a condenser to absorb heat at one place and release it at another. They can be used as a space heater or cooler, and are sometimes called “reverse-cycle air conditioners”. In domestic heating, an ASHP absorbs heat and air-conditioning, as hot air, hot-water-filled radiators, underfloor heating and / or domestic hot water supply. The same system can often do the reverse in summer, cooling the inside of the house. When properly specified, ASHP can provide a full hot water heating solution and domestic hot water up to 80 ° C.

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Air Infiltration and Ventilation Center (AIVC) is the International Energy Agency (IEA) information center on energy efficient ventilation of buildings.

The AIVC started in 1979 in the context of the first and second oil crisis in 1973 and 1979. The Center was established in the fifth research project (Annex 5) in the context of the implementing agreement Energy in Buildings and Communities Program (EBC) – (at that time called ECBCS) of the International Energy Agency (IEA, 1974). Since its inauguration, in 1979, the AIVC has been running without interruption. On June 9, 2016 the executive committee of the International Energy Agency (IEA) Technical Collaboration Program Buildings and Communities (EBC TCP), approved a 5-year extension period for the AIVC from 2017 till 2021. In the first years, the AIVC’s primary focus on understanding and finding ways to limit the impact of air infiltration in buildings. This was reflected in its original name “Air Infiltration Center”. Ventilation was introduced in 1986 because of the strong interactions between ventilation and infiltration in buildings and interiors. The Center has developed an expertise in ventilation and infiltration with a series of technical notes and guides In parallel, the scientific and professional community in this area has grown significantly. Therefore, since 2011, to promote exchanges and collaboration between the various stakeholders in the field, AIVC has shifted its focus to networking activities including the use of advanced and innovative dissemination strategies. The Center is operated by the International Network for Information on Ventilation and Energy Performance (INIVE), which is a registered European Economic Interest Grouping (EEIG) whose members include building research centers in Europe. Today, AIVC serves as a source of information for scientists and professionals interested in building ventilation and infiltration issues. The Center holds annual conferences and workshops, publishes papers and reports, and maintains a large database of publications. The AIVC also collaborates with the TightVent Europe and Venticool Platforms; Both platforms are market oriented, created in 2011 and 2012 and focused on building and ductwork airtightness and ventilative cooling strategies in buildings, respectively. In addition, the AIVC has collaborative activities with organizations such as the International Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate (ISIAQ), the Federation of European Heating,

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88888 Lights Out was a campaign with the stated goal of increasing awareness of global warming and promoting actions to reduce energy consumption. By encouraging India’s residents to turn to the lights and reduce pollution of the globe.

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The 2000-watt society is an environmental vision, first introduced in 1998 by the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich (ETH Zurich), which pictures the average first world of 2000 watts (ie 2 kilowatt-hours per hour or 48 kWh per day) by the 2050 year, without lowering their standard of living. The concept is not only personal or household energy use, but the total for the whole society, including the embodied energy, divided by the population. Two thousand watts is about the current world average rate of total primary energy use. This compares to averages of around 6,000 watts in Western Europe, 12,000 watts in the United States, 1,500 watts in China, 1,000 watts in India, 500 watts in South Africa and only 300 watts in Bangladesh. Switzerland itself, currently using an average of around 5,000 watts, was last a 2000-watt society in the 1960s. It is further considered that the use of carbon-based fuels would be less than 500 watts per person within 50 to 100 years. The vision was developed in response to climate change, energy security, and the future availability of energy supplies. It is supported by the Swiss Federal Office of Energy, the Association of Swiss Architects and Engineers, and other bodies. and the future availability of energy supplies. It is supported by the Swiss Federal Office of Energy, the Association of Swiss Architects and Engineers, and other bodies. and the future availability of energy supplies. It is supported by the Swiss Federal Office of Energy, the Association of Swiss Architects and Engineers, and other bodies.

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80 Plus (trademarked 80 PLUS) is a voluntary certification program intended to promote efficient energy use (PSUs). Launched in 2004 by Ecos Consulting, it certifies products that have more than 80% energy efficiency at 20%, 50% and 100% of rated load, and a power factor of 0.9 or greater at 100% load. Such PSUs waste 20% or less electric energy and the use of PSUs.

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Efficient energy use, sometimes simply called energy efficiency, is the goal to reduce the amount of energy required to provide products and services. For example, insulating a home allows a building to use heating and cooling energy to achieve and maintain a comfortable temperature. Installing LED lighting, fluorescent lighting, natural gold skylight windows reduces the amount of energy required to attain the level of illumination compared to using traditional incandescent light bulbs. Improvements in energy efficiency achieved by the method of production or the production of energy. There are many motivations to improve energy efficiency. Reducing energy use and saving energy savings can be cost effective. Reducing energy is also a solution to the problem of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. According to the International Energy Agency, improved energy efficiency in buildings, industrial processes and transportation could reduce the world’s energy needs in 2050 by one third. Another important solution is to remove government-led energy subsidies that promote high energy consumption and inefficient energy use in more than half of the world. Energy efficiency and renewable energy are the two pillars of sustainable energy. In many countries, energy efficiency is also important because it can be used to reduce energy costs.

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