Sludge incineration (German: Klärschlammverbrennung, Chinese: 污泥 焚烧 发))) is a sludge treatment process It generates thermal energy from sewage sludge produced in sewage treatment plants. The process is in operation in Germany where Klärschlammverbrennung GmbH in Hamburg incinerates 1.3m tons of sludge annually. The process has been trialed in China, where it has been qualified as an environmental investment project. However, the energy balance of the process is not as high as sludge needs drying before incinerating. Sewage sludge can be incinerated in mono-incineration or co-inceneration plants. In co-inceneration, sewage sludge is not the only fuel and it can be processed at coal fired power plants, cement plants and some incineration facility.

Germany currently has 27 mono-incineration facilities, where only sewage sludge is processed.